Sonnets: The Power of Love Essay -- Sonnet essays

Sonnets:â The Power of Loveâ â â â â â â â â â Most of Elizabethan works reflect two significant topics: time and love. William Shakespeare, as well, followed this show, creating 154 poems, a considerable lot of which manage the standard topic of adoration. Since the idea of affection is in itself so monstrous, Shakespeare found a few different ways to catch the quintessence of his enthusiasm. In this manner, in his verse he investigated different strategies and utilized them to portray the feelings related with his adoration for a strange dim woman. These different thoughts and perspectives brought about a progression of poems that dynamically delineates his sentiments of valid, undying affection for his woman. Rather than making the theme less fascinating, as some may expect, Shakespeare's heap approaches serve to encourage the peruser's information about the sheer intensity of genuine affection. Three of Shakespeare's strategies that show his capacity in this regard are the theme of dreams and considerations, the instances of the degree of affection, and Shakespeare's craving for his pieces to help or commend their adoration. In a significant number of Shakespeare's pieces, he much of the time makes reference to the ceaseless nearness of a unique woman in his fantasies and musings. For instance, in Sonnet 27, Shakespeare expounds on the way that he is never without his adoration. This is on the grounds that during the day he venerates her at sight, and around evening time she attacks his fantasies. He can't rest without her coming, unbidden, into his brain: Lo, along these lines by day my appendages, around evening time my psyche/For thee, and for myself, no peaceful discover. Contrary to this idea, in any case, his steady insights of his woman are additionally a gift to him. In Sonnet 29, Shakespeare, discouraged and jealous of others, thinks about his adoration: Yet, in these contemplations myself nearly loathing,/Haply I think on thee, a... ...that time I do hide me here/Within the information on mine own desert. If he ought to ever need to live without her, his poems will help him to remember the adoration that used to be. Shakespeare's works are a sentimental and beguiling arrangement of sonnets. His utilization of rhyme and enthusiastic, persuasive language serve to light up his solid sentiments. These methods were presumably the most familiar route for such an author as him to communicate the unlimited love that he clearly felt for his puzzling woman. Inspecting the various ways Shakespeare found to portray it, the peruser accepts that this affection was without a doubt enduring and real. He regularly made genuine remarks about his feelings that could likewise suit sweethearts in the current day. Along these lines, and the way that individuals read them yet, Shakespeare's works are immortal and all inclusive, much the same as the idea of adoration itself.

Reformists or Fundamentalists for Iran Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Reformists or Fundamentalists for Iran - Essay Example This distinction leaves the resident with a decision to make in a law based country like Iran (Koontz 98). No gathering is supposed to be impeccable in their thoughts since, in either side, there are both positive and negative impacts. Be that as it may, having analyzed the objectives belief systems and their interpretation of religion, I will advocate for the reformists. This paper tries to look at the primary plan of the reformists contrasted with those of the fundamentalists by dissecting their separate belief system, religious government and religion. The objectives that the reformists try to accomplish make them particular from the fundamentalists. Their primary target is to save religious government in the nation. They put accentuation on the need of bringing certain law based changes into reality (Koontz 25). Each Iranian ought to know about their privilege in like manner and nobody ought to be segregated with respect to the sexual orientation or the clan. For example, in this years elections’ battles the reformists who had discovered shelter in the West because of post-political decision suppression of 2009, had concocted a contending talks with regards to what change ought to be made out of and how an Islamic Republic should resemble (Seifzadeh 254). This, as per me makes reformists excellent than the fundamentalists, who base their religious government on the conviction that not all individuals are equivalent. To outline the religious government of the fundamentalists, we look at on their conviction about the idea of ladies and men and their jobs in the public arena. They contend that, in Iran, ladies are sub-par compared to men both intellectually and truly. Their obligations were confined to kid bearing and supporting endorsed by their organic determinism. They were likewise to guarantee solace and fulfillment to their spouses. The Fundamentalists looked to smother the jobs performed by ladies and improved control of men over ladies. The y guaranteed that their perceivability in broad daylight was not ensured. This is definitely not a genuine image of a law based nation

Mode-2 Society And Social Robustness Example

Mode-2 Society And Social Robustness Example Mode-2 Society And Social Robustness â€" Essay Example > Leadership: A Study in Creative Art, Human Behaviour and PerformanceByDevangini Mahapatra ChauhanOur changing times have been symbolic of the leadership traits and trends that dominate the choices we make and the changes we follow. The people who are able to not only possess the requisite traits, but also demonstrate these in trying times more than any other are true leaders in a post modern society. The sphere of arts has helped in defining the society that we live in and the values that govern us and help us in choosing leaders. This paper discusses the leadership traits that have been defined and have helped define the society and sphere of creative arts that we live in. Art has been a focal point for a variety of cultures since the history of time. It is an expression of how a race or a group of people perceive themselves in relation with the world around them. In this context, an important premise remains the fact that art is born from within and from influences that come fro m the outside. Art and Mass Media by Betty Ann Brown is a volume that chronicles the rise of western culture in context of its influence on art. This has been studied from the perspective of various art forms, ancient, medieval and modern so as to demonstrate how cultures are capable of affecting art forms and rendering finer detail to the structure. (Brown, 2005; P 2 â€" 4). The volume has conceptualised the way art has been seen and used since 1985 with the advent of mass media and especially the Internet. This conceptualisation has reached a phase where the influx of ideas related with the use of technology and mass media has grown to such heights where it accommodates a whole new dimension of art. It is said that the way something is built has a large bearing on how it is perceived. In the case of art, the use of mass media has accentuated the play of technology to the extent that the very way that an art form is conceptualised depends on the factors that are a part of the cul ture surrounding it. Since 1985, the play of mass media has begun on a note that has created the scope to create art beyond what has been seen in the conventional sense. The rise of technology has been accentuated by the west. Technology has come from the west and is associated with the west. Thus, an important premise here is that most of world sees western culture as an amalgamation of technology along with an ethic that is associated with the same. (Brown, 2005; P 2 â€" 6)Communication forms in the form of electronic, print and other media has had a major role in deciding how western culture is perceived to begin with. (Brown, 2005; P 4). Thus, art has been accepted in context of these communication forms that dominate the various resources in the world. Technological innovations are a matter of providing newer and better insights into the way various elements around us are perceived. This has had a large bearing on the way western culture is perceived to start with. This in tu rn, affects the fact that we associate art with western culture as well. This associative mode has a bearing on the relationship between western cultural values and the way art is perceived.

Globalization and its effect on the South African economy...

1. Introduction Globalization refers to the shift toward a more integrated and interdependent world economy. [Hill, 2003: pg6] South Africa provides a unique opportunity to observe the effects of globalization in that the pre democratic period was a period of very little globalization, which can be contrasted with the democratic period which has been characterised by rapid globalization. This sharp contrast emphasises the effects that globalization has on a country. The essay is a longitudinal study that seeks to understand the impact of globalization on the JSE Securities Exchange, since the democratic elections in South Africa. Firstly this essay will analyse the impact globalization has had on South Africa in general. Then the essay†¦show more content†¦The theory has implications for inequality within a country (Stopler Samuelson) and between countries (Factor Price Equalization). The Stopler-Samuelson theory, which builds on the Heckscher-Ohlin theory, predicts that with increased trade, the nations abundant factor will gain and the scarce factor will lose. In terms of income inequality within a country this means that by increasing trade the lower income group, which control the abundant and cheap factor would realise an increase in income and the higher income group controlling the scarce resources would see a fall in income. The assertion by Stopler and Samuelson that increased trade would cause a decrease in inequality within a country is not strongly supported by empirical evidence. A study by Dollar and Kraay [2001] shows that in the period between 1960 and 1995, inequality has in fact slightly increased within countries that the authors have termed globalizers . The empirical evidence, however, does support the Factor-Price Equalization theorem, which states that the movement of factors between countries is replaced by trade in final goods, thus international trade brings about an equalization of relative factor prices between countries. Dollar and Kraay [2001] use empirical evidence toShow MoreRelatedThe Effects of Credit Management on the Profitability of Manufacturing Companies in Nigeria (a Case Study of Guiness Nigeria Plc3653 Words   |  15 Pagesoptimal allocation of resources across the global economy (Jacob and Madu, 2009). Cai and Wong (2010) posited that having a single set of internationally acceptable financial reporting standards will eliminate the need for restatement of financial statements, yet ensure accounting diversity among countries, thus facilitating cross-border movement of capital and greater integration of the global financial markets. 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The Tell Tale Heart Essay Topics for Dummies

The Tell Tale Heart Essay Topics for Dummies Finding the Tell Tale Heart Essay Topics He throws his chairs throughout the room. Another theme is the thing that pushes someone over to the dark side differs for each individual, and it's tough to understand what small thing will finally do it. The meaning behind this is that the police were actually part of his conscience together with the sound below the floorboard. There's irony on an incredibly direct level, how the man loses it while two policemen talk calmly to him, and this is very funny. He admits he has killed the guy, and tell the police to check under the floorboards. The plot is all about a guy who would like to murder another guy but doesn't need to get caught and punished. Ultimately, the boy kills an innocent old man due to his madness. The only motive he must kill the old man is due to his pale blue eyes. The man denies he is insane. The old man is wealthy and that appears to be the primary reason behind the narrator to constantly wish to go to the old man. They all play an important part in the plot. The analysis is just what you think or believe. This will allow you to create a more sophisticated analysis. A fantastic literary analysis doesn't indicate that you may just summarize the plot. It's established at the start of the story that he's over-sensitive he can hear and feel things that others can't. To be able to find the difference between this brief story and other narratives, it would be useful to contemplate the how a regular narrative is written. The ambiguity and too little details about the two primary characters stand in stark contrast to the particular plot details leading to the murder. Another is the area where it develops the story differs. Vital Pieces of the Tell Tale Heart Essay Topics The story starts with the unnamed narrator wanting to show his sanity to the readers. It does not say if the narrator is male or female. The Narrator within this story is attempting to convince the reader he is of sound mind as soon as the crime was committed. He insists that he is not mad. The story starts with the narrator telling us he is not mad. From the onset of the story it was simple to discern the narrator was nervous about something. Explore the usage of the unreliable narrator. The narrator then, moves on to the absolute most symbolic region of the story. There are two types of irony which he uses. At the close of the day we are all immigrants from all around the world. He makes the site of his best triumph into a type of prison cell. Throughout that moment, I didn't hear him lie down. The previous mans terror should have been extreme! Once more, the murderer is claiming his sanity throughout the entire story. Motiveless murderers are frequently the most unsettling. Even insane murderers generally have practical motivations. The narrator is not able to escape punishment because of his crime. On the other hand, the guilt of the author proves to be absolutely the most serious result of all and one which he cannot, ultimately, escape. The subject of the story is that guilt is a strong emotion that may cause one to succumb to their guilt, in this instance, the narrator. The thematic subject could be guilt, but the theme is that the human heart cannot endure the load of guilt, particularly in the event of murder. A Startling Fact about the Tell Tale Heart Essay Topics Uncovered Inside this story, Poe uses different bodily objects to stand for something different. Imagery is frequently associated with sight. By nature, narratives are intended to tell a.. The broken speech patterns employed by the narrator, signaled through a set of dashes and exclamation points, makes a feeling of hysteria. His description of the sound in the past few paragraphs of the tale remains marked by repetitions which are clearly meant to imply the growth of noise. These 3 elements are the ultimate devices that represent the importance of the gothic, dark characteristics in the story. The Basics of the Tell Tale Heart Essay Topics You may rewrite the opening from a third-person perspective. The mixture of the 2 causes him to go mentally insane, which is an immediate effect of karma. Specifically, this point of view permits the reader to comprehend why it was told within this manner. In this instance, you could consist of a number of the elements I've explained within this post.

Why Should People Travel Free Essays

Why should people travel? This Is the story of a woman, who traveled the world to find that the best place Is home. However, the Journeys took her across continents over Saracens. This story began when a little girl was sitting on her porch watching the pedestrians fleeting by. We will write a custom essay sample on Why Should People Travel or any similar topic only for you Order Now When suddenly a huge noise jolted her out of her day dreaming, and all she saw was a metal bird flying overheard. The noise made her shudder and she ran into the house screaming for her Dad. Running into his arms, with no words to express she stood holding on to his legs, While her dad was trying to question her about her Irrational fear. With sputtering words, she explained how a huge metal bird had flown over the house and the noise thundered the foundations of the house. Her dad let out a loud laughter noticing the innocence of his daughter. But it was actually just one of the airplanes from the nearby Air Force base conducting its drill. So he lifted her up in her arms, took her to the porch and pointed out to the airplane in the distance as it faded into the blue sky leaving a trail of white clouds. That was my first experience that initiated my need to fly and watch the world from up above. As I grew elder, the need to have a closer look at the world Imbibed In me a curiosity to travel. The world is a beautiful place, when looking at it with an unbiased view because one gets to see it in a pure way. One that has not been tainted with blood, pain and violent that once seen cannot be unseen. Here is what we have known over the ages, the world is made up of seven continents divided by Saracens. Every continent has its own set of cultures, traditions, nature, people and countries. Over the course of this essay, I am going to explain my perspective on world travel, while mentioning the tatty of countries that I had the opportunity to tread on. My first experience of traveling was when I was 9 years old. I went on a trip with my parent’s to Malaysia. A country known for its tropical forests and its beautiful cities, it had always been the destination to visit. My experiences in Malaysia, though a little fudged in memory, have certain portions that cannot be erased. One of the most fascinating aspects was the culture of the people. It was a mixture of Influences by Muslim and Buddhist religions. It had colorful people on the streets, girls with flowers In their hair and askers In the streets selling their wares. The trip also Included a travel to Singapore. I was fascinated by the buildings and the zoological gardens that adorned the small city of Singapore. My perspective on this trip changed entirely about the people of South East Asia. Their kindness is something I got to experience on this trip. All through my teens I had the opportunity to visit the US a couple of times. Although I had lived In the US, this was a visit that would remind me about the beauty of Florida. I got to enjoy an enthralling experience, In the parks of Disney and universal Studios. My visit to the Sea World will remind me Shams the killer whale, this gave me awareness into the world inside the ocean, a subject that has fascinated me to this day. This trip showed me that a person can enjoy life even if one has to go to work every day. When I landed in Los Angels, the first thing I saw was the HOLLYWOOD sign. One that has been etched In my memory, the sign exudes movie royalty and puts a sparkle In my eye. The best part was the shopping In malls the size the lights and nice. The Sin City has the most fabulous energy that even though a person who don not gamble or drink will love. The next trip was a travel to the Middle East countries of Jordan, Syria, Lebanon and Egypt. Apart from the usual beauty of the land, the streets were littered with coffee and hookah shops. The shops were overcrowded with people every evening, gossiping about the day and laughter just filled the air. The people were hospitable which showed me the necessity of people in my life. The next trip I went to was Europe. It was a fascinating continent with historical buildings and beautiful rivers. I had the opportunity to visit the countries of France, Switzerland and Italy. The trip involved us getting in from one country to another, traveling on the train. The breathtaking scenery and the throngs of people in historical places were overwhelming. The people were perfectly dressed, while following to certain unwritten codes, which showed the value of discipline. Now that I am back in the US, I have learned to appreciate the beauty and character of people from different countries. Over the past year, I had the opportunity to travel through almost most of the states. The visit helped me to see the vast length and breadth of this country and its beauty. It is people who are made of a mixture of people from different cultures. No specific group can claim this country to be theirs, because the diversity of the people is what makes the country. One of the most important factors that travel is necessary is because it opens one’s eyes to the beautiful world. As a student, I had the opportunity to meet a lot of Americans, who because of their nonexistent travel had no idea about the countries of the world. This ignorance caused them to Judge people from other countries, and basing their opinion on news articles or television programs. I wondered how people did not know the culture and the location of Saudi Arabia. In most people minds, Saudi Arabia is a desert somewhere in the middle of the world, where people rode on camels sleep in tents, and had oil. Another factor about travel is, we live in cloistered communities and do not understand other communities that are based on centuries long traditions. This makes our mind narrow and does not give us a positive opinion about other people. Although the world has become a smaller place due to the advent of internet, the world is still a much better place in reality. How to cite Why Should People Travel, Essays

Money, Money, Money ... Essays - Monetary Economics,

Money, Money, Money ... Money is something that not all people are blessed with. For many it is a rare commodity. For years people have always sought to get money. It has been their driving force in life, it is why they do the things they do. Some people see money as being the ticket getting power. Others see money as the ticket to getting respect. Still others see money as the ticket to staying alive. A long time ago there was no money. People bartered, or traded. There was no buying and selling, just bartering. The world was simpler back in those days. Nowadays money is taking new forms. People trade stocks daily over the Internet. They pay for things with plastic cards. Are these types of money What is a dollar bill anyways A piece of paper with a dead president's face on it. Why does this slip of paper have value Gold and silver are the precious metals that all money is based on. But why do these elements of nature control our lives the way they do Why is money so important in our lives Money plays an important role in everyone's lives. Without it we face a life of humility and poverty. Although money may not be dear to us, it's importance in our lives is unmatched by any other, shall we say................................ commodity... Money is something that not all people are blessed with. For many it is a rare commodity. For years people have always sought to get money. It has been their driving force in life, it is why they do the things they do. Some people see money as being the ticket getting power. Others see money as the ticket to getting respect. Still others see money as the ticket to staying alive. A long time ago there was no money. People bartered, or traded. There was no buying and selling, just bartering. The world was simpler back in those days. Nowadays money is taking new forms. People trade stocks daily over the Internet. They pay for things with plastic cards. Are these types of money What is a dollar bill anyways A piece of paper with a dead president's face on it. Why does this slip of paper have value Gold and silver are the precious metals that all money is based on. But why do these elements of nature control our lives the way they do Why is money so important in our lives Money plays an important role in everyone's lives. Without it we face a life of humility and poverty. Although money may not be dear to us, it's importance in our lives is unmatched by any other, shall we say, commodity. English Essays

The Big Bang Essay

The Big Bang Essay The Big Bang Essay Before our universe was created there was something that had happened to have created the universe. The big bang theory was a major part of why the universe was created. There are so many things that had to be contributed to the big bang theory. We don’t really know what will happen to our universe in the future but we can make predictions about it and we can use evidence and justifications to predict what will happen. The Big Bang Theory is the leading explanation about how the universe began. At its simplest, it talks about the universe as we know it starting with a small singularity, then inflating over the next 13.8 billion years to the cosmos that we know today. Because current instruments don't allow astronomers to peer back at the universe's birth, much of what we understand about the Big Bang Theory comes from mathematical theory and models. Astronomers can, however, see the "echo" of the expansion through a phenomenon known as the cosmic microwave background. The phrase "Big Bang Theory" has been popular among astrophysicists for decades, but it hit the mainstream in 2007 when a comedy show with the same name premiered on CBS. The Big Bang theory is an effort to explain what happened at the very beginning of our universe. Discoveries in astronomy and physics have shown beyond a reasonable doubt that our universe did in fact have a beginning. Prior to that moment there was nothing; during a nd after that moment there was something: our universe. The big bang theory is an effort to explain what happened during and after that moment. There are many misconceptions surrounding the Big Bang theory. For example, we tend to imagine a giant explosion. Experts however say that there was no explosion; there was (and continues to be) an expansion. Rather than imagining a balloon popping and releasing its contents, imagine a balloon expanding: an infinitesimally small balloon expanding to the size of our current universe. Another misconception is that we tend to image the singularity as a little fireball appearing somewhere in space. According to the many experts however, space didn't exist prior to the Big Bang. Back in the late '60s and early '70s, when men first walked upon the moon, "three British astrophysicists, Steven Hawking, George Ellis, and Roger Penrose turned their attention to the Theory of Relativity and its implications regarding our notions of time. In 1968 and 1970, they published papers in which they extended Einstein's Theory of General Relativity to include measurements of time and space. According to their calculations, time and space had a finite beginning that corresponded to the origin of matter and energy. I also know that there was a Big Bang is the fact that as things are moving closer to you the waves get compressed and as they are moving away from you the waves get stretched out. With light the shorter waves are the blue and the longer ones are the red and the further away a galaxy is the more red shifted it is indicating that the galaxies are all moving away from each other indicating that the universe was once much smaller and that at one time it was a singularity, which expanded until it got to the size it is today. We may still be far from answering the question â€Å"what is the future for our universe† but we are at least able to predict certain possibilities. In our current view of the Universe there are 2 possible futures from studies. One possibility is that the Universe will come to an end in the opposite of a Big Bang called The Big Crunch. There is enough matter in the Universe eventually gravitational forces will

Use These 50th Wedding Anniversary Toast Quotes

Use These 50th Wedding Anniversary Toast Quotes Watching a young couple in love is joy, but watching an aging couple in love is bliss. When a couple has cherished their marriage for 50 years, it certainly calls for a special anniversary event. If youre the one giving the toast, youll want to plan your speech in advance. Its good to keep a celebratory toast under five minutes to keep the event light and fun. And focus on honoring the couple while shying away from embarrassing anecdotes that could make someone uncomfortable. Sprinkle in a toast  quote or two in your speech to help  you express your joy at the occasion and make it extra poignant, whether youre a child of the couple, the party host,  or one of the gold-anniversary  betrothed. Anonymous Newlyweds become oldyweds, and oldyweds  are the reasons that families work. â€Å"You are the parents that all kids hope to have; you are the couple that all lovers hope to be; and you both are the pillars of support that every family wishes it had.   Never laugh at your wife’s choices.  You are one of them.† Love is like an earthquake- unpredictable, a little scary, but when the hard part is over you realize how lucky you truly are. â€Å"You don’t marry someone you can live with. You marry the person who you cannot live without.† Moonlight and roses are bound to fade for every lover and every maid, but the bond that holds in any weather is learning how to laugh. A toast to love and laughter and happily ever after. Felix Adler Love is the expansion of two natures in such fashion that each includes as the other; each is enriched by the other. Pearl S. Buck A good marriage is one which allows for change and growth in the individuals and in the way they express their love. Mahatma Gandhi â€Å"Where there is love there is life.† Erich Fromm Immature love says: I love you because I need you.  Mature love says, I need you because I love you. Greek Proverb The heart that loves is always young. Mignon McLaughlin A successful marriage requires falling in love  many times, always with the same person. Ricardo Montalban â€Å"True love doesn’t happen right away; it’s an ever-growing process. It develops after you’ve gone through many ups and downs, when you’ve suffered together, cried together, laughed together.† Rita Rudner In Hollywood, a marriage is a success if it outlasts milk. Its so great to find one special person you want to annoy for the rest of your life. Paul Sweeney A wedding anniversary is the celebration of love, trust, partnership, tolerance, and tenacity. The order varies for any given year. James Thurber Love is what youve been through with somebody. Themis Tolis â€Å"To love is nothing. To be loved is something. But to love and be loved, that’s everything.† Vincent van Gogh Love is something eternal- the aspect may change,  but not the essence.

Isms Related to the film Waking Life Assignment

Isms Related to the film Waking Life - Assignment Example An appreciation of the influences of surrealism, Dadaism, and expressionism as reflected in the film Waking Life should begin with an appreciation of the distinguishing features of the three isms. In general terms, films that embrace the aspect of surrealism will often tend to portray certain cinematographic techniques in unnatural, and bizarre, unrestrained, and nearly superfluous representations to capture the essence of the subconscious potential. This is usually meant to uncover the hidden truths and potentials that are naturally restrained by the conscious processes. The reliance on the subconscious to create new meaning and expand on old realities requires a determined shift from the usual order, which is synonymous with the conscious world. In this film, the film director employed multiple techniques to achieve the aspect of surrealism (Linklater 67). The visual and audio techniques of the film evoke a sense of strangeness that dislocates natural truths as known in the physica l world. By representing characters and situations in dreamlike worlds, the director achieves the purpose of aligning the aspects of reality in distorted forms. There seems to be no established order and the representation of the physical forms is generally distorted or, in some cases, altogether formless. The representation of these aspects of reality might be considered as one of the primary considerations of the director in his desire to engage the subconscious processes of the mind. The discussions that take place in this film are generally aimed at emphasizing on illusory realities, which are held as supreme and limitless. For instance, the protagonist eventually floats to oblivion at the end of the film. He is lifted by indescribable forces and appears to have finally transited into the dream world and woken up from the illusion of the physical world in line with the reflections that dominate the film. It might be necessary to regard this aspect of floating as the ultimate tri umph of the super-real over the real. Paranormal feelings and actions are brought out in the reflections and actions of the film to unleash the full potential of the subconscious processes. The use of light and colour also contributes to the development of the surrealistic features of the film. There is little balance in colour, which makes the representations to appear incongruous and altogether indescribable. In this manner, it makes sense to consider this film as the ultimate representation of alternative forms of existence that can be achieved by harnessing the power of the subconscious mind. Dadaism has very close relationships with surrealism and is usually regarded as the parent idea from which surrealism emerged. Dada art usually seeks to unsettle aspects of reality in ways that does not make sense within the conventional systems. Both surrealism and Dadaism emerged in Europe after the periods of war as a rebellion by artists to the ways of thinking that culminated into the chaos (Elger 71). They were embraced as the antithesis to the dominant systems of thought. Dadaism would embrace mediocrity, nonsense, and outlandish qualities to expand on the various aspects of reality. It would be important to regard these forms of art as encompassing the entire

Entertaining books are useful in term of academic english Research Paper - 1

Entertaining books are useful in term of academic english - Research Paper Example The pleasure provides relaxing escape from the routine problems, and also provides leisure moments in the process of learning English. Creating adequate time and space for recreational reading, based on high quality English literature, ensures enthusiastic readers and also enhances academic achievement. The power of literature, for instance books, in provision of entertainment and recreation is immense. Ensuring the effectiveness of entertainment literature in recreation is generally the most significant result of the entertainment books program (Thompson, 2008). Experience is also ensured through the entertainment books. The readers increase their horizons through the experiences illustrated by the entertainment books. In the entertainment literary world, the readers gain more experiences, meet new individuals, and understand new places. The students adequately understand past, present, and future English language aspects. The cultural application of the English language is also ensured through adequate understanding of academic English. The readers understand common academic English goals, as applicable across different school environment and also nationalities. Examples of entertainment books that enhance academic English experience include; Patricia Giff’s Nory Ryan’s Song, and The Butterfly authored by Patriccia Pollaco. The book illustrates the survival situation during the 1845 famine in Ireland. In academic English, historical illustration of historical events is very significant. The Butterfly illustrates the Jewish pe rsecution that took place during the Second World War. The book illustrates the correct approach of explaining historical events through academic English (Thomas, 2011). The recreational literature ensures understanding of the language model; for the readers and listeners. Good entertainment book exposes the readers to the correct sentence structure, standard story format, and several word usages. The readers who use English as their

Walmart Business Analysis

Walmart Business Analysis Contents (Jump to) Walmart’s Current Strategy Organizational structure, culture, and control systems SWOT Analysis for Walmart Porter’s Five Analysis of Walmart Key Strategic Issues at Walmart Personal SWOT Analysis Financial Analysis of Walmart Recommendations Walmart store Inc. is not only the retail giant, but also is the largest grocery chain in the world. Walmart store Inc. was founded in 1962. Samuel Walton and his brother J.L. Walton open their first Walmart Discount City in Rogers, Arkansas (Walmart History, 2010). For Walmart store Inc., their common mission is: Save people money so they can live better (Walmart corporate, 2010). Compared with their main competitors such as Target and K mart, Walmarts 2009 sales were almost 50% more. Because of its giant size and buying power, Walmart can buy its products at very low prices, exchanging high purchase volumes for low cost then passing the savings onto its customers (Wikinvest Walmart, 2010). Walmart has 8,900 stores around the world in three different business segments of retail stores that including: Walmart stores, Sams Club and Walmart international. All of them offer different kinds of merchandises including electronic appliances, groceries, furniture, apparel and health beauty stuffs etc. For their business segment, they have over 54% of the companys stores are located in the United States, and the others international stores are mainly located in central and south America and China. The company mainly focuses on offering the lowest prices to attract its consumers. Walmart totally earned $408 billion revenue in 2010, increase 1% compare to 2009 (Wikinvest Walmart, 2010). In 2009, Walmart earned $255.7 billion in the domestic segment of the companys revenue. For Walmart stores segment are further categories into three different formats including: Supercenters, Discount stores and Neighborhood Stores. For the Sams club, it is the second largest membership-only retailer club ( Costco is the first largest membership-only retailer) in United States belong to Walmart Inc., their main customers mostly are offices, convenience stores, motels, restaurants and schools etc. (Wikinvest Walmart, 2010). For now, Walmart has total 3,121 international stores all over the world including in Mexico, Japan, Canada, China and countries in central and South America. However, recently Walmart begins to slow down their growth rate in the United State and turn their main focus onto its international stores to develop growth. For international stores locations altogether earned total $98.6 billion revenue in 2009, compared to the sales of 2008, is increased 9.1% (Wikinvest Walmart, 2010). Strategic History of the Industry The whole retail industry in the United States has over $4 trillion annual revenue. The main retail companies are including Walmart, Home Depot, Kroger, Costco, and Target. Some of the large companies dominate some retail sectors such as mass merchandisers and grocery stores, other sectors like auto dealers and convenience stores are fragmented. However, retail industry still has many small and specialty retailers are single-store operations (Hoover, 2011). The economy deeply affects the retail demand. In other words, retail demand depends on the economy. Many different kinds of economic factors such as job growth, recession, personal income, consumer confidence and interest rates can strongly affect consumer spending behavior. When during recessionary periods, the bad economy can affect the retail sales growth rate slow drastically or even sales revenue decline. While the retail spending grows rapidly when in the period of strong economy growth, for example consumers will spend more on grocery when they have more income. However, the rising interest rates will affect consumer purchase behavior and consumer ability to finance large amount of purchase such as purchasing cars (Hoover, 2011). Strategic History of Walmart Store Inc. In the early stage of strategic history for Walmart, they always unchanged their vision always low price for their customers. Until 1990s, Walmart announced that they planned to go global. They wanted to look for international markets for the reasons as following: First of all, Walmart has facing very strong competition in United States such as Target and K mart. These two firms had aggressive expanding their business and had started sharing Walmarts market share. Secondly, the market in the United States is already saturated; it was becoming difficult for the company to continue its growth rate. Thirdly, the US population is accounted for only 4% of the worlds population and if they want to expand their global market, China had the potential massive growth due to their huge population of over 1.3 billion people. The last reason is, globalization opened up new markets in China and created opportunities for discount stores such as Walmart (Walmarts Cost Leadership Strategy, 2004). On the other hand, Walmart is using the strategy that cooperates with local suppliers to purchase their products, even though the organizational culture is standardized with the home country. This strategy is not only use to the products purchasing, but also adapted to the local cultures and stores decoration and designed are also changed to meet local taste all around the world (Walmarts Cost Leadership Strategy, 2004). Organizational mission statement As we know, the mission statement for Walmart is every day low price. In order to insist their mission, Walmart implemented three approaches in the market. First, it increased the local purchasing in order to reduce the purchasing costs and also suit consumers needs in different places. Secondly, it maintained a good relationship with their suppliers, satisfied them by paying within 3-7 days during its initial years. Thirdly, it established distribution centers (DC) and computerized its management system to improve efficiency and reduce costs (ICFAI, 2005). Business Level Strategy For these several years, Walmart has been trying hard on expand its stores outside the United States. It through two different to expand their international business market: new store construction and acquisition. Acquisition strategy of supermarket chains had been a part of Walmarts entry and  store expansion strategy in Canada, Mexico, Brazil, Japan, China and Great Britain (The Walmart Puzzle, 2008). Over all, the Walmart strategies were including: multiple store segments, lower daily prices, lots of name-brand merchandise, reduce operating costs, emphasized customers satisfied service, wide selection products, disciplined expansion into new geographic markets, and using acquisition to enter foreign market (Walmart Store Inc., 2010). However, no matter Walmart are in which foreign country, their company vision always low prices is never changed. The companys low distribution costs and cost-efficient supply chain management are the big reasons why Walmart is so success and at the same time reduce the products prices. Walmart has get into distribution efficiency compare with their competitors because of its rural store locations. Current strategy for the major operations/functions of the company Current strategies for Walmart are including low costs, high volume, increase customer satisfaction and expansion strategy. Walmart creates name recognition and customer satisfaction, and combined the retailer with the reputation of offering the best prices. They also expand their new business segments to different sectors such as pharmacies, automotive repair, and grocery sales to increase their sales revenue. Expansion strategy: The company realized that building a new store will allow for increase market share value. After their success in the rural areas, Walmart moved to urban areas and then moved to surrounding areas. The expansion strategy made Walmart the number one retail store in the United States. As Walmart continue its expansion domestically, the firm decided to go international. Furthermore, Walmart realized that acquiring an existing retail firm is necessary for expand domestic and international markets. Therefore, Walmart by acquire retail store which enable to expand locally and internationally. Always low prices make customers live better strategy is believed the strongest strategy used by Walmart. The firm developed the idea of dealing directly with the manufacturer and with the power control by Walmart will enable it to get the best deal from the manufacturers and suppliers. Organizational structure, culture, and control systems Saving people money to help them live better was the mission for Walmart. Hence, Walmart negotiates different suppliers and understanding their cost structure in order to reduce the price. Walmart has to be certain that the manufacturers were doing their best to cut down costs. Also, Walmart believed in establishing a long-term relationship with their suppliers. Walmart had 129 distribution centers located at different locations all over the US. Over 80,000 items were stocked in these centers. Walmarts own warehouses directly supplied 85 percent of the inventory, as compared to 50-65 % for competitors. Shipping costs for Walmart is about 3 % which is lower than its competitors, 5%. The distribution centers ensured a steady and consistent flow of products to support the supply function (Walmarts Cost Leadership Strategy, 2004). Walmarts logistics infrastructure was its fast and successful transportation system. The distribution centers were serviced by more than 3,500 company owned trucks. To make its distribution process more efficient, Walmart also uses a logistics technique called cross-docking. In this system, the finished goods were directly picked up from the manufacturing plant from suppliers, and then directly supplied to the customers. The system reduced the handling and storage of finished goods, eliminating the role of the distribution centers and stores (Walmarts Cost Leadership Strategy, 2004). SWOT Analysis for Walmart Store Inc. (S)trengths Reputation Brand Name: Walmart is a powerful brand and pioneer in the retail industry with the wide spread network of stores. It has a reputation for low price, convenience and a wide range of products all in one store for customers. Walmart has captured about 10% of the retail market in the U.S. and continues to expand. Walmart stores continue to open all over the country making Walmart a household name. Walmart has also been widely acknowledged for its social responsibility actions. The company has donated to a variety of charitable organizations and has been accredited for bringing jobs and wealth to less developed communities. Offer Low Prices: Walmart uses its enormous size and buying power to pressure its suppliers into extremely low prices, offering orders of high volumes of merchandise in exchange for low prices. The good thing about Walmart is that its shifts the low cost advantage to customers and available the products at lower prices. It has loyal customer base because it meets the expectation of customer by always delivering the goods at lower prices at compare to its competitors. Expand Global Market: Walmart has aggressively expands its international market over the past few years and has experienced global expansion. For example its purchase of the United Kingdom based retailer ASDA. Technology: Technology is strength to Walmart with its inventory control system that was recognized as the most sophisticated in retailing. The technology linked all the stores to the headquarters and the companys distribution centers. It also enables the warehouse of which the goods are ordered, and direct the flow of goods to the store and proper shelves. Supply chain and logistics management: Supply chain and logistics management are one of the strengths of Walmart. This allows Walmart to utilize the Just- in-time inventory concept and avoid the pilling up inventory to save the extra cost for maintaining inventories in the warehouses. Human Resource: Walmart always keen to provide training to their employees to improve the customer service level. The firm hire locally, provides training programs for its employees. Walmart also gets its employees involve and encourage them to make use of words like: we, us, and ours. It also provides stock ownership and profit sharing with great contribution from the H. R of the firm. Walmart was named one of the best 100 firms to work for. Cross-docking inventory system: Using the cross-dock technique, Walmart was able to effectively leverage their logistical volume into a core strategic competency. Walmart operates an extensive satellite network of distribution centers serviced by company owned trucks. Its satellite network sends point of sale (POS) data directly to 4,000 vendors. Each register is directly connected to a satellite system sending sales information to Walmarts headquarters and distribution centers. (W)eaknesses Employee turnover: Walmart has high employee turnover which costs more money and time for company to train the new employee. Bad publicity: Walmart is currently facing a gender discrimination lawsuit. Their female employees accuses that they were discriminated against in matters regarding pay and promotions. And also, Their female managers were accounted for the minority group in the company. Lock of flexibility: Walmart sell very wide range kinds of products for example like clothes, food, pharmacy or stationary which lack of flexibility compare with other more focused competitors. Other competitors may have the ability to make changes and improve on a certain product lines when the needs of their customers change. Walmart, however, may have too much merchandise and not be able to focus in on sectors that need to be improved. Some products have poor quality: Although Walmart provides low price of products, however, customers sometimes complain about the poor quality of few products. Facing difficulty in International market: It is hard for Walmart to expand their business out of US to totally different countries all around the world. Moreover, Walmart has to facing different culture and customer behavior in different countries, for example Walmart facing difficulty to expand the market in China. (O)pportunities Customers: Because Walmart provides low price to their customers, so they are able to attract more customers. Furthermore, customers basically are able to purchasing everything in one store that satisfied their needs. Walmart 24 hours stores also satisfied their customers. Diversified store types: Walmarts different store types and new locations provide more opportunities to exploit new market. Stores diversified from local, small-based sites to large super centers. International Expansion: No doubt that continued expand the international market is a huge opportunity for Walmart. Walmarts oversea stores have experienced significant growth. There are actually tremendous opportunities for future growth in developing countries and Asian markets than in the United States such as China and India. Creating strategic alliances and licensing agreements with other global retailers are ways to move into different countries. (T)hreats Competition: Walmart faces different strong competitions locally and internationally. Walmart main competitors are including Kmart, Target, Carrefour and Costco wholesale. In 2010, the Net Profit Margin for Walmart is 3.59%, Target 4.22%, Costco wholesale 1.69%, Carrefour 0.38%, respectively (Hoovers, 2010). Target is Walmarts direct competitor in the US, offering a range of general merchandise in a similar store format (Wikinvest, 2010). Economy Recession: The revenue for Walmart is affected by economy recession. Good economy is an opportunity for great business, because customers will have more money to spend. If the economy is great, there will be more jobs and people will shop more. However, if the economy is bad, there will be fewer jobs and people will shop less. Also, with the high price of gasoline and its effect on the economy, Walmart will certainly be affected the most. Strategy imitation: Walmart strengthens its competitive advantage on low-cost products. Other competitors may imitate their low-cost strategy to take over their market shares. Low Brand Loyalty: In the retail industry, customers would like to choose the product with the lowest price. In other words, customers do not care about the brand or which retail stores, if Costco has the exactly same chips that sell cheaper than in the Walmart, then customers will choose to buy the chips in the Costco not Walmart. TOWS MATRIX STRENGTHS WEAKNESSES Reputation Brand Name Bad publicity Offer Low Prices Lock of flexibility Expand Global Market Some products have poor quality Technology Facing difficulty in International market Supply chain and logistics management Employee turnover Human Resource Cross-docking inventory system OPPORTUNITIES OPPORTUNITIES-STRENGTHS OPPORTUNITIES-WEAKNESSES Customers Build on its already efficient distribution system to further expand in the U.S and globally. Walmart should be awareness and strict to control of the quality of the product in order to keep their customers basis. Diversified Store Types Expand diversified store types to International market in order to increase profit in International market. Set higher employment standards through enhanced training to keep their employees have best performance. International Expansion Duplicated the successful delivery logistic management and the distribution centers into International market. Continue to build on cost efficient pricing and production due to expansion. Go into new markets and buy out their local retailers to gain market share. THREATS THREATS-STRENGTHS THREATS-WEAKNESSES Competition Buy raw materials or products from local suppliers to hold a better political status within the local community further to compete with their competitors. Human resource department should set a benefits long-term promotion program or standard and training program for their employees in order to decrease the employee turnover. Economy Recession Create their own brand of products and increase the quality of products in order to establish customers loyalty. Establish joint venture partnerships or long-term relationship with local retail companies to get the advantages in the International segment. Strategy imitation Develop strong RD and technology to enhance the competitive advantage and avoid imitation from other competitors. Low Brand Loyalty Five Forces Analysis for Walmart Store Inc. Threat of entrances Low The threat of new entrance in the grocery and discount retailer industry is very low. New entrants have to face with the strong low-price competition among exist giant retail companies like Walmart, Costco and Target. New entrants need to invest large amount of capitals to establish their brand recognition, service, and variety of product offerings that Walmart, Target, and others competitors continue to improve on each day. In addition, existing companies can drop prices lower in order to force a new competitor out of the market. Therefore, the threat of entrances is low. Power of buyer-High Customers have many choosing opportunities and consider about products very details. They want the product now and they want it with the best service, best quality and reasonable price. Customers also enjoy increasing choice of products and choose one product that has the best quality and better price. For example, if customers find out Target sells an exactly product that has better quality and price than Walmart, and then they will choose to buy it in Target instead of Walmart. Power of Suppliers   Low The bargaining power of suppliers is very low. Walmart is very famous on giving pressure to their suppliers to cut their price lower and lower in order to offer the lowest price to their customers. On the other hand, become the supplier of Walmart is a very fierce competition. In 2004, about 10,000 new suppliers applied to become Walmart vendors. However, only about 200, or 2%, were ultimately accepted by Walmart (Gwendolyn Bounds, The Wall Street Journal). Therefore, the bargaining power of suppliers is low. Rivalry High The competition in the US grocery and discount retailer industry is very high. The main competitors for Walmart in the local market are Kmart and Target. These companies also have to face competition from wholesalers such as BJs, Costco and even the international market such as Carrefour. Walmart has adopted a cost leadership generic strategy. In the past, most companies have not been able to match Walmarts strategy everyday low prices. However, Walmarts barrier to entry (economies of scale) and strength (supply-chain management) can be easily imitated with sufficient resources. Therefore, retailers are in a fierce competition that see who can offer their customers the lowest price. Threat of substitute Low The threat of substitutes in this industry is low because only few companies have ability to offer such a variety of products available instantly and also low prices. One possible substitute is online shopping; however, customers usually do the online shopping for clothes or other stuffs but not for food or grocery shopping. Therefore, the threat of substitute is low. Key Strategic Issues Issue #1: Open too many new stores close to existing stores lead to new stores taking over the market shares from existing stores. Status Quo Wal- Mart depends on opens many new stores and expands into new market to increase the long-term sales and income growth. However, because of Walmarts large size of expansion, new stores are effects the sales on existing stores. For example, Walmart builds a store relatively close to an already existing store, the new store might take away customers from the old store thus decrease the sales in existing stores (Walmart, 2010). Evolutionary Change (Incremental Improvement) In order to solve this problem, Walmart expands their business segment into international market instead of domestic market. For example, Walmart opened 5 times number of stores in the international market in 2010 compared to domestic stores; most of stores are in Mexico, China, and Central America (Walmart, 2010). Revolutionary Change (Huge/Drastic Change) Walmart is also aggressively to open business segments in India if the country opens up the sector to foreign direct investment. India has retail market more than 1 billion; no doubt India is a huge opportunity for Walmart. However, retailers that carry multiple brands (like Walmart) are restricted to wholesale outlets in India. After Indias policy change, Walmart is allowed to expand superstores and generate revenue in India (Walmart, 2010). Specific tactics to implement the strategy Walmart needs to establish long-term relationship or joint venture with local retail company to get into the market in India. Although in 2006, Walmart announced that it had tied up with Bharti Enterprises Ltd. (Bharti) to get into the Indian retail sector. Bharti was a diversified company, and one of the biggest mobile telephone service providers in India (Walmart and the Indian Retail Sector, 2007). However, because of the government policy, the small retailers groups and the Left parties against allowing the company into India are all the barriers that Walmart has to face it. Issue #2: International competitors Status Quo In order to expand and improve the sales revenue for the economy recession especially in the domestic market, Walmart has been aggressively expand its business segment into international market. However, the local big retailers or small retailers groups are against Walmart to get into their market to take over the market shares because of its low price strategy (Walmart, 2010). Evolutionary Change (Incremental Improvement) Improve its supply chain, logistic and technology segment to lower its delivery and operation costs in order to compete with local big retailers such as Britains Tesco, Frances Carrefour, and Germanys Metro (Walmart, 2010). On the other hand, retail business segment is hard to create products differentiation, because commodity products are all the same for customers. The only way that gains the market shares for retail stores is not only low price but also quality of products. Therefore, Walmart should awareness of its quality of products to attract more customers even in the international market. Revolutionary Change (Huge/Drastic Change) Walmart should acquire and purchase the local retail companies in order to get into the international market. On the other hand, establish long-term relationship with local suppliers to have the win-win situation for their cooperation. Specific tactics to implement the strategy In the beginning of year 1, 2 and 3, Walmart should first focus on improving its supply chain, logistic and technology improvement in order to compete with local big retailers on its lower operation, delivery costs and high quality of products. For the long-term tactics, Walmart should deeply penetrate into the local market, understand different cultures and customers behaviors and then cooperate with local suppliers to establish long-term partnership. Personal assessment SWOT Analysis of myself in relation to the organization (What can I offer to the organization?). (S)trengths: International expansion (China): Walmart is extremely aggressively penetrated into the market in China. Also, no doubt that China has 1.3 billion populations which accounted for the most majority population in the world, creates a huge business opportunity for Walmart. Therefore, Walmart needs a manager who can speak fluently Mandarin and English, and really understand about Chinese culture and Chinese customers behavior. Hence, I can offer Walmart my knowledge to develop more opportunity in Chinas market in order to maximize the profits. (W)eaknesses: Lack of working experience: Even though I can speak fluently Mandarin and understand the Chinese culture and customers behavior; however, I still lack of working experiences. I do have some part time working experience such as working in starbucks, but do not have full time working experiences. (O)pportunities: Because of my professional knowledge (bachelor and master degree are both business management) are expertise on this field which can offer Walmart a professional employees or manager. Moreover, my family also has business in China, Hangchow, which makes me has understanding and interested about China. I can provide Walmart establish partnership with local suppliers and establish long-term relationship with them to compete with local retails competitors. (T)hreats: Many applicants around the world: There is still having many talented applicants around the world apply to get into this company. Some of the applicants have high education degree and business knowledge and also have ability to speak many different kinds of languages. Therefore, I am in extremely fierce competition. Not every business segment in Walmart is my expertise: I have weakened and lower advantages compared to local American because of the speaking and cultural differences. Furthermore, the company does business in many different retail formats, including supercenters, food and drugs, general merchandise stores, cash and carry stores, membership warehouse clubs, apparel stores, soft discount stores and restaurants. However, not every business segment in Walmart is in my field of expertise. Financial Analysis 2010 Annual Sales (Figure2-1) (Source: Hoovers, 2011, http://0subscriber.hoovers.com.leopac.ulv.edu/H/company360/competitiveLandscape.html?companyId=11600000000000) As you can see in Figure 2-1, this is 2010 annual sales for 4 main retail stores in the United States. They are including Walmart, Target, Costco Wholesale and Carrefour. Walmart has almost $400 billion sales in 2010. Compared to other competitors, annual sales for Walmart was much higher than other companies. Carrefour annual sale in 2010 was around $100 billion. Annual sales for Target and Costco were just around $50 billion in 2010. 2010 Net Profit Margin (Figure2-2) (Source: Hoovers, 2011, http://0subscriber.hoovers.com.leopac.ulv.edu/H/company360/competitiveLandscape.html?companyId=11600000000000) In Figure 2-2, net profit margin in 2010 for Walmart was 2.98%. Target was higher than Walmart which had 3.69% net profit margin in 2010. Other two competitors, Costco and Carrefour were both under 1.84% in net profit margin in 2010. Figure 2-3 (Source: Hoovers, 2011, http://0subscriber.hoovers.com.leopac.ulv.edu/H/company360/competitiveLandscape.html?companyId=11600000000000) The Return on Asset ratio is useful in measuring how efficiently a company uses its assets to generate profit. By definition, ROA is calculated by dividing the Net Income by the total asset of a company. Refer to Figure 2-3, ROA for Walmart from 2006 to 2010 are much higher than its competitors. Walmarts ROA were around 9% to 10% each year, compared to its competitors which were all much lower than Walmart. This basically means that Walmart utilizes its assets well enough to generate profit in comparison with their competitors. However, ROA in 2007 for Target is higher than Walmart, Target 9.29%, Walmart 9.05%. Targets major competitive advantage over Walmart lies in its customer base: the average household income for Target customers is about $50,000 a year, whereas the average yearly income for a Walmart customer is only $35,000 Figure 2-4 (Source: Hoovers, 2011, http://0subscriber.hoovers.com.leopac.ulv.edu/H/company360/competitiveLandscape.html?companyId=11600000000000) The return on Stockholders Equity (ROE) ratio measures the percentage of profit earned on stockholders investment in the company. In other words, return on equity  measures a corporations profitability  by revealing how much  profit a company generates  with the money shareholders have invested.  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   In Figure 2-4, ROE for Walmart were around 20% from year 2006 to 2010, compared to other competitors which are higher than others. Figure 2-5 (Source: Hoovers, 2011, http://0subscriber.hoovers.com.leopac.ulv.edu/H/company360/competitiveLandscape.html?companyId=11600000000000) Net profit Margin is an indication of how effective a company at cost control

Agriculture in India Essay

Since long ago, agriculture has been associated with the production of basic food crops. At present agriculture, besides farming includes forestry, fruit cultivation, dairy, poultry, mushroom, bee keeping, arbitrary, etc. Today, marketing, processing, distribution of agricultural products etc. are all accepted as a part of modern agriculture. Agriculture plays a crucial role in the life of an economy. It is the backbone of our economic system. The following facts clearly highlight the importance of INDIA. 1. Source of Livelihood: In India the main occupation of our working population is agriculture. About 70 per cent of our population is directly engaged in agriculture. 2. Contribution to National Income: Agriculture is the premier source of our national income. According to National Income Committee, in:- 1960-61, 52% national income was contributed. see more:non farming activities in indian villages 1976-77, contributed 42.2 per cent 1981-82, its contribution was 41.8 per cent. 2001-02, it contributed around 32.4 per cent 2006-07, 22% 2012-13, 13.7% 3. Supply of Food and Fodder: Agriculture sector also provides fodder for livestock. Moreover, it also meets the food requirements of the people. 4. Importance in International Trade: Agricultural products like tea, sugar, rice, tobacco, spices etc. constitute the main items of exports of India. 6. Source of Raw Material: Agriculture has been the source of raw materials to the leading industries like cotton and jute textiles, sugar, tobacco, edible and non-edible oils etc. All these depend directly on agriculture. 9. Vast Employment Opportunities: With the fast growing population and high incidence of unemployment the agricultural sector is significant as it provides greater employment opportunities in the construction of irrigation projects, drainage system  and other such activities. 13. Basis of Economic Development: The development of agriculture provides necessary capital for the development of other sectors like industry, transport and foreign trade. TYPES OF FARMING PRIMITIVE FARMING It is also commonly called ‘slash and burn agriculture’. It is used in areas where Soil has low nutrient levels. An area for cultivation is selected and then it is burned so that the required nutrients for the crop to grow are maintained and biomass is converted to useful inorganic ash. Then nth chosen crops are sown. Then the land is given a period of rest called ’fallow’. Then the same process continues until the land is wearied of nutrients(i.e. about 5-6 yrs). This type of farming usually depends on the type of soil, rain and most importantly climatic conditions. It is done using primitive tools like hoe, hull, dagger, dao, etc. and requires a lot of labour. Such crops are not produced in a large quantity and farmers grow crops only to sustain their family with little or no intention of selling them. The famer does not use chemical fertilizers or modern inputs, thus the production is low. TRADITIONAL FARMING Traditional farming represents the original method of farming. This type of farming uses extensive local knowledge and natural resources so that no harm is caused to biodiversity. Such farmers maintain soil fertility and prevent erosion of topsoil. There are many methods of traditional farming namely:- Nomadic Pastoralism It is the practice of raising domesticated animals like goat, sheep, cattle, etc. All humans practicing this method live off entirely on animal products like fat, meat, milk, etc. These people are constantly in use of new grounds for their animals to feed. Mixed Sustenance Farming This can provide a very stable farming platform, where plants and animals work together to support each other. The plant waste that cannot be used by humans is used as fodder for animals and their waste acts as natural manure. This type of farming is usually the most productive and sustainable compared to any other type. COMMERCIAL FARMING It is a type of large-scale farming of crops to sell them to wholesalers or retailers. Crops such as wheat, maize, rice, tea, etc. are harvested and sold worldwide in international markets. Due to its extensive nature modern machines and use of chemical fertilizers is required thus increasing the capital. Due to its large capital, it is mainly practiced by large companies or rich farmers. Yield as well as profit is high due to the use of modern techniques and hybrid varieties of seeds. Commercial farming started with the advent of the Green Revolution and production in India increased by 50% during the years 1970-1990. In today’s world Hybridization is very important to increase the yield of crops. Many varieties of hybrid seeds are now available which are disease resistant, healthier and give more yields. FIVE YEAR PLANS First Plan (1951-1956) The First Five-year Plan was launched in 1951 which mainly focused in development of the agricultural. The total planned budget of Rs.2069 crore was allocated to seven areas: irrigation and energy (27.2%), agriculture17.4%), transport and communications (24%), industry (8.4%), social services (16.40%), land rehabilitation (4.1%), and for other sectors (2.5%). The monsoon was good and there were relatively high crop yields. Second Plan (1956-1961) The Second Plan stressed on the development of the sector. Hydroelectric projects and five steel plants at Bhilai, Durgapur, and Rourkela were established. The total amount allocated under the Second Five-Year Plan in India was Rs.48 billion. This amount was allocated among various sectors: power and irrigation, social services, communications and transport, and very less amount was allocated towards agriculture due to the other increasing problems. Third Plan (1961–1966) The Third Five-year Plan stressed on agriculture and improvement in the production of wheat, but the Sino-Indian War of 1962 led to weakness in the economy and the plan stressed on the defense industry of India although equal priority was given to agriculture and industrial sector. PROBLEMS FACED The major problems confronted by the Indian agriculture are as follows (a) Population Pressure: India has a huge population of over one billion and it is increasing at a very fast rate. According to 2012census figures the overall density of population is 3264 persons per sq. km. Every bit of land has been used up for construction of commercial sites. (b) Small and Fragmented Land Holdings: Dividing a small plot of land due to increasing population has resulted in a small piece of land getting fragmented further. The small size of such holdings makes farming activity uneconomical and leads to less productivity and eventually less income. (c) Inadequate Irrigation Facilities: In India irrigation facilities are not adequate at all. Almost all fields, owned by poor farmers, are left to get naturally irrigated by the monsoons(except those owned by rich farmers and companies). (d) Depleted Soils: Farming has been a tradition of India for over 1000 years which has resulted in the decrease in fertility of soil and deforestation has led to erosion of the fertile soil giving less productivity. (e) Storage of food grains: Storage of abundant food grains is a huge problem faced by Indians. Almost 10-12% of our harvest of food grains goes waste due to no proper storage. (f) Farm Implements: In some parts of the country mechanization of farming has taken place, but most of the farmers are poor and cannot afford to purchase and use modern tools. This hampers agriculture. Forests-86.1†¦Non agriculture-21.8†¦barren/Uncultivable-20.1†¦Permanent pasture/grazing-12†¦Fallow-24..Cropped area-142.5(Food grain-123.5; Rainfed-89) Multiple cropping In agriculture, multiple cropping is the practice of growing two or more crops in the same field during a single sowing season. There are many types of multiple cropping schemes that the government has introduced in India. They are:- Double-cropping, in which a second crop is planted after the first has been harvested. This helps in restoring the nutrients that have been used up by the plant. Relay cropping, in which a second crop is started amidst the first crop before it has been harvested. This ensures bountiful harvest as well as keeps crops healthy. Intercropping, where an additional crop is planted in the spaces available between the main crop. This helps in keeping away pests. AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION Intensive agriculture area program(1964) The main objective of the IAAP was that â€Å"greater emphasis should be given to scientific agriculture in an intensive manner in areas with high production potentials†. The emphasis was on important crops such as Wheat, Rice, cotton, etc. High yielding variety program(1966) The main motive of the program was to increase the productivity of food grains by adopting new high yielding varieties of improved seeds. The HYVP introduced :-High-yielding varieties of seeds, increased use of fertilizers, increased irrigation. These three are collectively known as the Green Revolution. National agricultural innovation project(2006) The NAIP is contributing to the transformation of the agricultural sector to more of a market to get rid of poverty and improve income. The main aim is to make people aware about how agriculture can be taken to an international level through technological innovations. SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION WATER Some Major River Valley Projects Bhakra Nangal Project On Sutlej in Punjab. Highest in India.Ht. 226m. Reservoir is called Gobind Sagar Lake. Chambal Valley Project On Chambal in MP & Rajasthan, 3 dams are there:- Gandhi Sagar Dam, Rana Pratap Sagar Dam and Jawahar Sagar Dam Damodar Valley Project On Damodar in Bihar, Based on Tennessee Valley Project USA Hirakud Project On Mahanadi in Orrisa, World’s Longest Dam: 4801m Kosi Project On Kosi in N.Bihar Tugabhadra Project On Tugabhadra in Andhra Pradesh & Karnataka Sardar Sarovar Project On Narmada, Gujarat/MP. Due to the magnitude of floods in 1978, a project of flood prone rivers was started to prevent further casualties. SOIL During the 7th five year plan, the government decided to take careful measures towards soil conservation. The scheme of reclamation of alkali soil in Punjab, Haryana, and U.P. took place. During the 9th plan this scheme was approved and being practiced in all states. It aimed at improving conditions of alkali soils for better production of crops. GREEN REVOLUTION Well-known agronomist, Dr. M S Swaminathan led the Green Revolution in India. India was in the middle of a food crisis in the mid 60’s. The food economy was falling down very fast. The domestic production of wheat had gone down to about only 12 million tons(from 23 million tons) due to inflation. About the same had to be imported from the US. The introduction of high-yielding varieties of wheat like Lerma Rojo and Sonora 64 during the mid-’60s with farm technology and chemical fertilizers brought about the green revolution.

Controversy Over Gun Control Laws - 1177 Words

The term ‘gun control’ is used to show the regulation of selling, owning and use of guns. This means there is going to be a lot of controversy regarding this, making it a very touchy topic for a lot of people in the world right now. Gun control laws vary greatly, for example in places like the United Kingdom, where the gun laws are so strict that even police officers aren’t allowed to use them. Only special task forces within the police departments are. Compared to places like the United States, where there isn’t a federal gun control law in place anymore. Opponents argue that it is unconstitutional to take away kind of gun from an American citizen. They also argue that it is not the guns that commit these horrible crimes, but instead it’s the people behind the guns that commit them. But a gun is a tool that can be used for good intentions or evil intentions. And in most cases, the bad ones have a heavier effect or outcome. The US should enforce stri ct national gun control laws that will in the end help save the lives of men, women and children because if they do not, they will be seeing more tragedies through the country just like the one that had happened at Sandy Hook Elementary. With 88.8 firearms per 100 people, the United States has the highest gun ownership rate in the world. This means that for every 4 people, 1 of them own some type of firearm in the United States. This helps indicate that most Americans believe in owning guns. But what is really interesting isShow MoreRelatedEssay on How Big is Your Gun1158 Words   |  5 Pagesof the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed.† The controversy soon started on who, what, and how the founding fathers bestowed these rights. Who should be allowed to carry arms? What type of arms should be allowed to bear? How can the people obtain these arms? All of these questions have been debated, discussed, and argued by both sides of the controversy. 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Organ Transplantation An Accepted Treatment Option For...

Organ transplantation is now an accepted treatment option for managing patients with irreversible failure of any of its organs. The history of the development of transplantation has been from the beginning full of ethical debates they dealt with the mutilation of the body, not less share of experimentation on human beings, even having to redefine the concept of death, giving rise to the concept of brain death . It is undeniable that many patients have benefited thanks to these procedures, increasing survival and improving their quality of life. However, we face new ethical dilemmas such as the problem of donor shortage. n the United States, according to the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS), â€Å"in 2011 3,614 transplants were performed various organs, but the current waiting list is 92,333† (Welbour). Each country has adopted a consent for donation. The countries of liberal culture, governed by explicit consent model, also known as opt-in. What it means is that each individual should have expressly indicated their willingness to donate to enter (hence opt-in) in the pool of potential donors. The presumed consent model or opt-out governs donor policies and countries like France, Belgium, Portugal, Italy, Norway, Sweden, Lithuania and Spain, among others (Mercer). In any of these countries, just that it has not expressed a negative to be a donor. In other words: it is necessary to express that wish not to donate to exit (opt-out) the pool of potential donors. States