The Concept Of Organisational Commitment Essay - 1622 Words

1: Introduction: The concept of Organisational commitment has received increased attention in the research literature recently as both managers and organisational analysts seek ways to keep the employees engaged and committed to their organisation. There is, in fact, no single definition of Organisation commitment. Typically, though, the emphasis is on three factors such as (1) total trust in and strong acceptance of the organisation’s objectives, and values, (2) a willingness and personal interest to exert considerable effort to attain the goals and values of the particular organisation, (3) a strong desire to remain as member of the organisation (porter et al., 1974). Thus Organisational commitment can be defined as the bond employee’s experiences within the organisation and towards organisation by establishing a relationship in psychological state. 2: Famous and remarkable definition of organisational commitment: Firstly, the relative strength of an employee’s identification with and participation in a particular organisation (Porter et al., 1974). Secondly, the psychological attachment and the degree to which the individual make subjective or personal characteristics of the organisation (O’ Reilly lll and Chatman., 1986). Thirdly, a psychological state that bonds the individual with the organisation (Allen and Meyer., 1990) 3: Organisational commitment’s conceptualization and measurement: In the organisational commitment’s literature, attitudinal and behaviouralShow MoreRelatedWhat Is Organisational Commitment And Why It Is Important?1240 Words   |  5 PagesWhat is organisational commitment and why it is important? 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Still I Rise Free Essays

Stacey Miles Ms. Riccardo English Comp II 12 March 2012 â€Å"Still I Rise† â€Å"Still I Rise† is a powerful poem written by Maya Angelou addressing her pride in herself and in her African American ancestor’s ability to rise above racism and segregation. The tone of the poem is strong and expresses different hardships that Maya Angelou has been faced with overcame. We will write a custom essay sample on Still I Rise or any similar topic only for you Order Now Angelou uses a wide range of similes and metaphors in her poem comparing herself to various natural elements such as the moon, sun and ocean to represent how she approached each circumstance. In numerous works by Maya Angelou, her writing style incorporates numerous symbols, similes, and various emotions. In â€Å"Still I Rise† Maya Angelou is the speaker and the audience is the white race who has oppressed her in the past and doubted her future. The poem reflects on the history of slaves and African Americans when she says in lines 39-40, â€Å"Bringing the gifts that my ancestors gave, / I am the dream and the hope of the slave†. Due to her history, she wants to be powerful and successful in her future. She refers to herself in stanza eight as a â€Å"black ocean† which represents her strength and power. Angelou also shows her self-confidence in the beginning of stanzas two, four, five, and seven, by posing several rhetorical questions which are used to prove to the reader never to doubt her in her future endeavors. Angelou incorporates her past experiences, powerful views expressed in the tone regarding her pride, feministic values, strong confidence, and close ties with African American ancestry to create a timeline of events that have allowed her to push forward in life despite obstacles from her and her ancestor’s past and face future challenges with zero fear. Angelou incorporates her childhood and personal experiences with segregation in â€Å"Still I Rise† to show how the past does not define her, but influences her to become strong, successful, and accomplished . Mary Angelou grew up in Arkansas with her grandmother. She experienced racial discrimination while living in the south and was traumatically raped at age seven. Her first-hand encounters with racism and horrendous sexual assault at an early age fueled her to write this powerful poem. Growing up, she was treated unequally and saw how African Americans ere treated as inferior compared to the surrounding Caucasian race. â€Å"Still I Rise† is her way of proving that African Americans, like herself, have struggled for decades through a rough and strenuous path that has finally made them equal (Kite 1-11). In stanza eight she talks about overcoming pain and embarrassment left upon her race in the past. â€Å"Out of the huts of history’s shame/ I rise/ Up from a past that’s rooted in pain/I rise/I am a black ocean, leaping and wide† (Angelou 29-33). In these lines, Angelou uses a metaphor to show how despite a painful and horrific past, her and her ancestors have been able to rise above discrimination and act as powerful as an ocean. In the second, third, and fourth stanzas, she addresses her wealth. Despite obstacles, she was able to become a successful woman. She makes this point by saying â€Å"I’ve got oil wells† (7), â€Å"I’ve got gold mines† (19) and â€Å"I’ve got diamonds† to represent her stability and wealth as a confident woman. She lived in an era where women were not the sole income provider or out in the work force, so lines seven, nineteen, and twenty-two prove she has found her own personal wealth in her life and carries herself with pride for all her achievements. Angelou’s first-hand encounters and experiences in her life directly correlate to the tone of the poem and the forceful, emotional attitude expressed in each stanza. The tone of the poem is serious, yet positive. She takes her personal experiences and turns them into motivation and lessons that help her show that she will rise above and succeed in any challenge that she faces. Stanza six is specifically structured to emphasize the action verbs in each line. â€Å"You may shoot me with your words, /You may cut me with your eyes, /You may kill me with your hatefulness† (22-24). The actions of shooting, cutting, and killing are very abrupt yet painful processes. They are all one syllable verbs that were chosen specifically to represent harm done to the African-Americans. The harm that was done to her when she was a child is expressed in lines 25-28. â€Å"Does my sexiness upset you? / Does it come as a surprise,/ That I dance like I’ve got diamonds/ At the meeting of my thighs? †(25-28). After being raped and traumatized Maya Angelou apparently spent years as a mute (Kite 12). Once she overcomes her fears, she was able to show off her sexy and wealthy new life and confidence. Diamonds are very expensive and pure. This line can represent her worth and how she associates herself with a beautiful pure diamond. By incorporating past experiences, encounters with the treatment of African Americans, her self-worth, Angelou is able to create an emotional, passionate tone that reflects a timeline of events in history in the last stanza based on the structure and word choice. For example, â€Å"Up from a past that’s rooted in pain/I rise/I’m a black ocean, leaping and wide† (31-33). An issue or topic is presented, then â€Å" I rise† follows. Like a ladder, there are many steps in order to succeed. She is presented with one issue, faces it, succeeds, and then repeats the same process with another issue. Over time in history, Angelou’s African American ancestors crawled many steps along a ladder in order to rise above discrimination. The imaginary ladder and the ancestors who begin climbing are in pain and distress whereas the narrator ends up at the top of the ladder feeling hopeful and able to reflect on the lower steps of the ladder as lessons and achievements. The last three lines sum up the entire purpose of â€Å"Still I Rise† with the use of repetition. â€Å"I rise† is repeated three times in the last stanza and ten times overall in the poem. This repetition resembles a chant that Angelou recites to herself to remind her and the reader about her ability to overcome any challenge given to her and push forward into the future. This repetition also emphasizes how she is a strong, confident, proud African American. There is no one that will stop her from achieving and succeeding and she will continue to rise and be as powerful. Maya Angelou’s experiences growing up during a racist era in history and the struggles of her past African American ancestors contributed to the tone in â€Å"Still I Rise† which emphasized Angelou’s strong ideals and self-confidence. The tone of â€Å"Still I Rise† is powerful and allows the reader to understand how events in the past have inspired the narrator to be successful, pride, and hopeful. An emotional and eventful ladder was created in the last stanza to enhance the poem and show that each step of the ladder represented an event and an emotion that changed as each step was climbed by the reader and past ancestors. Works Cited Kite, L. Patricia. Maya Angelou. Connecticut: Twenty First Century, 1999. Print. Biography. â€Å"Still I Rise. † Poets. Org. Academy of American Poets, Web. 12 Mar. 2013. http://www. poets. org/viewmedia. php/prmMID/15623. How to cite Still I Rise, Essay examples

Selecting Regional Postponement Centre †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Selecting Regional Postponement Centre. Answer: Introduction Political: Singapore is a democratic country and is one of the countries with minimal political risk in Asia. The country has the history of no military involvement in civilian and political matters. The airline industry of Singapore is heavily regulated by the governmental policy thereby, influencing the profitability and competitive landscape. According to the political scenario, the safety of the passengers is of topmost priority of the Singapore airline industry. Additionally, trade agreements between Singapore and other countries are also considered for their market penetration strategy. Moreover, the eco-friendly approach of the government is also significant for the Scoot and Tiger Air Merger (Ho 2014). Economic: The economic factor of Singapore largely affects the Singapore airline industry and is considered as one of the vibrantly strong and free market economies. Singapore is one of the fastest developing countries with the highest per capita income among the Asian countries. The country has a highly educated population with healthy competitive airline market. Previously, Singapore largely depended on foreign investment but has recently diversified its sources of income. The economic factor influences airline industry as the sector is closely linked with national, regional and international economic development. The exchange rate, the price of crude oil and gross domestic growth has affected the Singapore airline industry. The passenger travel demand of Singapore is predicted to rise to 6.9% in 2018 compared to 6.7% growth in 2017 (Singh 2016). Social: Singapore has a wonderful mixture of eastern and western culture with extremely high literacy rate. The country has the third most strong purchasing power parity per capita thereby, providing an opportunity for Scoot and Tiger Air Merger to consider growth strategies that weave in the contribution of the merger to various social issues. The Scoot and Tiger Air merger have adopted a company based corporate social responsibility in order to improve their cooperation as a part of their business (Yashodha 2012). Conclusion In this report, it can be concluded that the airline industry of Singapore is a blooming sector due to immense cooperation politically, economically and socially. References Ho, J.K.K., 2014. Formulation of a systemic PEST analysis for strategic analysis. European academic research, 2(5), pp.6478-6492. Singh, A.K., 2016. Selecting Regional Postponement Centre Using PESTLEAHPTOPSIS Methodology: A Case Study in a Pharmaceutical Company. Global Business Review, 17(5), pp.1266-1268. Yashodha, Y., 2012. Air Asia Berhad: Strategic analysis of a leading low cost carrier in the Asian region. Elixir International Journal, pp.11164-11171.

Program For Street Children Children And Young People Essay Essay Example

Program For Street Children Children And Young People Essay Essay In 2003, UNICEF estimated that there were at least a 100 million street kids in the universe and 11 million in India. But that informations may non be apocopate because of the Hidden kids . Whereas Indian embassy assessed 314,700 street kids in metropoliss like Bombay, Calcutta, Madras, Kanpur, Bangalore and Hyderabad and about 100,000 street kids in Delhi entirely itself. Government policy holding drawback that it works some clip really nice and some non good. Like in New Delhi in some instances authorities are active and making their occupation decently. They avail shelter for them and besides seeking to follow such sort of kids. But this non instance of all. The job is more critical with kids coming from outside and miss out in the metropolis or run off from there place. The job is more critical with kids when they are acquiring into the manus of agents. Cipher can command over that. Here the factors are every authorization in bounded in restriction like if the kid goes into the manus of agent even NGOs ca nt halt them and constabularies besides do nt seek much. We will write a custom essay sample on Program For Street Children Children And Young People Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Program For Street Children Children And Young People Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Program For Street Children Children And Young People Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In instance of NGO they are making good occupation that need to be appreciated but they are still non able to collar the needed population. Different NGO holding their different manner of working to back up the kids ; other manus they have besides restriction for illustration NGO like SATHI taking runaway kids to their shelter every bit good as they are assisting to put kids back to their place or for untraced reference to the authorities place. Different NGOs holding their manner of working, and likewise they are working harmonizing to their focal point. Because of that they are work outing job from one side but some portion remain unresolved. In fact run off kids is the broader term that needed more attempt to work out the job from both side policy degree attempt and grassroots level attempt ; from authorities, NGO and off class from the society. For illustration: SALAM BALAK TRUST NGO working for the street kids every bit good for platform kids. As per our observation every bit go od during visit of NGO we found that they are supplying shelter and instruction and some possible support to the platform kids. Decidedly something is better than nil so, they are back uping like they are reaching to the kids and doing available for them shelter to shelter to kip in dark and they are besides turn outing instruction. So, kids are day-to-day coming from platform remaining in dark and traveling back to the platform following twenty-four hours. Here the large job is they are back uping kids and they are become accustomed of their support like dark shelter and nutrient. But as usual NO organic structure is turning at platform except their age and after traversing the age of 18 they besides stop to supply support to them. These besides make so many kids aim less every bit good helpless. Exceptions are everyplace like from the aid of SALAM BALAK TRUST some kids are besides acquiring better life but they are really less. Another illustration is SATHI ; They are puting bac k kids to their place are untraced to authorities house as per their belief place is the best topographic point for the kids to turn. But when they are acquiring any run off or missed out kid they are often after acquiring entry at constabulary station and they are maintaining them in the office ( cum shelter ) and supplying the same nutrient topographic point for stay that SATHI staff have ; decidedly it need to be appreciate. SATHI have fundamentally job with household side of the kids. Like personally we realized that even they placed back the kids merely, is it the solution of the job? Apart from the household they do nt holding control over the new run-away kids. The concern here is yes it is true that household related job is different but that holding strong relation with blowout a kids and NGO working for run-away kids can non resuscitate it. Apart from that holding restriction like SATHI is non taking Children from platform after holding no topographic point at shelter. There are several ground to be street and leave their place like their emotional demand, hapless status of the household, job due to emphasize at place and at survey topographic point, maltreatment. In many instance they have psychological demand due to the emotional portion of the kid. So, concern here is NGO and straight on run away kid and turn outing them shelter, nutrient, instruction on the platform or on the possible topographic point and besides they are puting back kids to their place. After puting back kids job we ca nt state that solved in many instances. And this survey besides non explored much the household portion so job demands to look at from household side and emotional portion of a kid. From parent side need to decide the job as we discussed already, from their side needed to pass more clip for attention and altering their behaviour ; for that demand to take some enterprises. Harmonizing to the SATHI per twenty-four hours 30 kids an norm comes on New Delhi railroad station. Out of them merely approximately 50 % are arrested by NGOs, and GOs. Need to happen and set up mechanism to cover all the population. There are plentifulness of job existed in the street kids one of them is dependence of kids. Need appraisal The topic of street kids chiefly considered to be an urban job. In metropolis country kids can be found assorted topographic point without holding any shelter like in railroad Stationss, Bridgess, street, near temples, mosque, durgahs, markets, besides route, etc. these kids lives on street with their household, without households, and some comes for the nearest slum. They can be in a group or can be entirely. Even though in some of the instances parents are non populating with the kids but some of them has contact and some of them do nt. Chiefly the kids do nt hold contact with their household they may There is no certain significance of the street kids but population can be classs into wide classs. Harmonizing to UNICEF street kids fall under two classs: On the street and Of the street. Children of the street are stateless kids who live and sleep on the streets in urban countries. They are on their ain and do non hold any parental supervising or attention though some do unrecorded with other homeless grownups. Children on the street earn a support from street such as street urchins and mendicants. They return place at dark and have contact with their households. The differentiation is an of import 1 because kids of the street lack emotional and psychological support of a household. Children life in street holding different background, like different lodging type and different colony like migrators, nomads, tenants, homeless, route side inhabitants ; So what can be possibilities is really simple seems to think.. like anybody can state that people populating near route side holding no lasting house their kids can missed out or run off or may be the same possibilities for the life belongs to nomad households and besides may be one ground to holding non adequate topographic point in place to the members. As salam balak an NGO said Because of a deficiency of lasting shelter and the fact that the figure of street kids is non recorded in any national study or analyze street kids are frequently called the hidden kids . Being concealed, they are at a higher hazard to being maltreatment, exploited and neglected. Another group that is at hazard of stoping up on the street are migratory kids. Children come to metropoliss in hope of happening new occupations and chances for their households. Unfortunately increasing populations in the metropoliss, kids that come to the metropoliss face meager incomes, hapless lodging and normally end up on the street. The Indian embassy estimated 314,700 street kids in metropoliss like Bombay, Calcutta, Madras, Kanpur, Bangalore and Hyderabad and around 100,000 street kids in Delhi . It does nt do experience happy when crossed over a person/people those are kiping over the street. Probably you will experience bit defeated for the minute And it s usual to state sorry! And travel out from the topographic point most of people non caring for that except the few people as exclusion. So, why should we care? If person holding pattern to kiping on route or street any other public topographic points. And why should about we think about the homeless people those do nt hold any individuality? Why should we common people think about them? Even the powerful authorities does nt holding any specific plan for them? Decidedly people like us can non savor the world really easy because we are non stateless. But imagine the little clip period of your tuff life when you spend clip without any shelter to being homelessaˆÂ ¦ Imagine the ice chilling dark, temperature fluctuating over the nothing when you do nt hold sufficient fabric and you are traveling pass your dark in unfasten ed sky. After making full twenty-four hours difficult work with the tired organic structure people normally wants to travel back to their house but they ca nt. If we are sing the street people they have N figure of job for illustration Food, Health, Shelter, their Human rights etc. Food, fabric and shelter is the primary demand of the human being and its really hard to populate without it. Due to assorted sociological status of stateless people is worse in all over the universe ; fundamentally stateless people are existed all over the universe someplace less or someplace more. The present shelter available by both GO and NGO are non plenty to resuscitate the life of the kids it need to better. After the age of 14, kids need to give some kinds of skilled based preparation because from these age group kids are acquiring matured and traveling to some other topographic point for different activities. Besides they have another menace like after the age of 18 cipher will care about even NGO or Government. Besides after they can be punished by constabulary for their any offense that sometimes they are making on platform. So before making to that phase kids needed to supply some accomplishment or preparation for their hereafter. After puting place back the kids need to periodically support to forestall run off once more. Need to set up a squad so that they can cover the street kids every bit shortly as possible. Because after populating few twenty-four hours in street they may acquire accomplished because of bad company and wont. Vision Make a feasible environment for street kids to turn and develop from the grassroots degree, by extinguishing negative causes to a bright hereafter. Mission Make a feasible environment for street kids placed/provide them shelter whether in Government Homes, Institutions, to safeguard the child signifier negative impact. Supplying a better chance for his rights Supplying a healthy environment to turn and develop for his bright bearer. Programme and its Components The chief focal point of the programme is supplying place to the homeless kids and make a feasible environment for street kids to turn and develop from the grassroots degree, by extinguishing negative causes to a bright hereafter by turn outing accomplishment for employment. At the origin pilot stage was for the procedure of turn outing shelter. Subsequently based on the demand on the demand it graduated with the enlargement of the plan to supplying other demand for illustration survey installation during dark at the shelter. Some activity for their look, etc. There are following constituents are in this programme: Proving shelter Proving educational installation to the kids at the shelter Skill and making employment chance to the kids by the age of 18. Arranging activity, so for growing of their head Populating criterion additions Capturing the population to safe from other hazard like agents Stop the development Giving instruction and employment through that above 18 twelvemonth kids. Stakeholders of the programme: Street kids institutes Platform kids Government Polices With the aid of these stakeholders and delicate staff, we can accomplish our end for the benefit of the people. Equally far as the activity side is concern, the major activity is, do the trade stuff and sale in local, province, national and international market. Apart of the husbandmans groups are responsible to do the channel, to advance the sale of merchandise. Programme Approach: Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3 Time period 2 old ages 3 old ages 3.5 old ages Focus Reaching to the kids and turn outing shelter For the Sustainable in footings of finance ; giving accomplishment based instruction to the 18 above twelvemonth kids to run assorted little support activities like institutes, call Centre, package testing, etc. with understanding of following 6 twelvemonth Self-sustainable Coverage New Delhi metropolis country Expansion in other assorted portion of Delhi Expansion in other tube metropoliss Activities Reaching kids at street, platform, Michigans, etc. Supplying shelter, instruction and attention to below 18 kids and employment to above 18. Making institutes to bring forth income Out Puts Safeguarding them from assorted hazard Financial sustainable Self sustainable Logical model Intervention logic Objective verifiable Aim Meanss of Confirmation External factor Goal: Make a feasible environment for street kids to turn and develop from the grassroots degree, and prolong their calling through employment To prolong kids s life life on the street Primary informations from Office Aim: 1.Creating a environment for the street kids to safeguard from negative cause and turn in feasible environment 2. Self-sustaining their life through quipped with the accomplishment by the age of 18. Street kids safe from unsure circle and environment and got their topographic point to turn Street kids able to populate respectful life along with giving part to the society Feedback from mark group Newss in mass and media Target population may do job to follow the thought Agents, constabularies, political relations and may be funding makes job End product: A feasible environment for street kids to turn and develop from the grassroots degree, and sustained their calling through employment. No dependence or bad impact over the society.. Street kids got shelter Children got chance and other accomplishment Got employment preparation Employment to the kids through the support of authorities and assorted establishments Children may non go on after age of 18. Input signal: Huge sum 143.5 million 20 professional and 100 staffs More than 10 old ages clip Different centres at different location Net income and Loss A/C outgo Income outgo histories for the twelvemonth Budget Estimation ( In 1000000s ) Particulars 2011 2012 2013 2014 Food disbursals 5 6 6.5 7 Camp and activity 10 10 11 11 Affording house for institute 1 1 1 1 Staff wage 2 2 2 2 Electricity 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 Telephone disbursal 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 Logisticss 1 1 2 2 yoga and other event for kids 1 2 2 2 instruction and preparation to the kids 10 10 15 15 Entire 30.4 32.4 40.1 40.6 Staff construction and making Position Function Duty Programme leader Monitoring overall undertaking to accomplish end Monitoring and leading Undertaking Manager Pull offing the peculiar location Guaranting local of the mark group and the plan Outreach and shelter supervisor/in charge Staff direction for better satisfaction of the employee and mark group computing machine operator Data entry and certification Documentation Accountant To keep history To keep history Chartered comptroller Audit and budget Regulate history Training and placement staff Supplying preparation and arrangement Supplying preparation and employment chance to the grownup Program sustainability and manner frontward For the plan sustainability the necessary thing is to self-sustain financially. The population involves in the issue is really important as discussed above ca nt be clutch easy. The procedure with take clip. Hence kids in the or on the street is scenario of both developed and developing state. So, it will take clip to turn to it. Besides, for the sustainability of the of both organisation and mark population it necessary to travel some concrete program. The thought to give preparation to the kids by the age of 18 is chiefly due to sing this point. It can bring forth excess to the institute every bit good a bearer way to the kids. Children can run assorted sort of activity in the metro metropolis like call centre. May be for the intent they can take support of assorted establishments like authorities, funders, etc. In future they can expanse their ain running income bring forthing activity like call Centres, package testing, etc. besides they can maintain kids for age 24 ( following 6 twelvemonth after 18 ) so they can assist them to populate and settled their ain life. With the six twelvemonth experience they can besides acquire one time some majority sum, and other excess for the organisation. Decision Street kids in metropolis country can be found assorted topographic point without holding any shelter every bit good populating with unsecure life like in railroad Stationss, Bridgess, street, near temples, mosque, durgahs, markets, besides route, etc. these kids lives on street with their household, without households, and some comes for the nearest slum. The chief focal point of the programme is supplying place to the homeless kids and make a feasible environment for street kids to turn and develop from the grassroots degree, by extinguishing negative causes to a bright hereafter by turn outing attention and shelter during childhood and accomplishment for employment with maturity. At the origin pilot stage was for the procedure of turn outing shelter. Subsequently based on the demand on so it would graduate with the enlargement of the plan to supplying other demand for illustration survey installation during dark at the shelter accomplishment based preparation. The chief job with such sort of the institute is they care kids up to age 18 and once more they might be orphan. Besides, for the sustainability of the both organisation and mark population ; planned to give preparation to the kids by the age of 18 is chiefly due to sing this point. It can bring forth excess to the institute every bit good a bearer way to the kids. Children can run assorted sort of activity in the metro metropolis like call Centre, package proving unit. In future they can expanse their ain running income bring forthing similar activities. Organization would supply or can maintain kids for age 24 ( following 6 twelvemonth after 18 at work ) so they can assist them to populate and settled their ain life. With the six twelvemonth experience they can besides acquire one time some majority sum, and other excess for the organisation.

Women And Aids Essays - HIVAIDS, HIV-positive People, Free Essays

Women And Aids Essays - HIVAIDS, HIV-positive People, Free Essays Women And Aids Understanding the Issues of Women and HIV/AIDS Rachel Seldin, Colgate University, Hamilton NY 13346 ABTRACT: Infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) had emerged as a major health problem for women in the United States. Family physicians can play an important role in the detection and care of HIV-infected women. The epidemiology and natural history of HIV infection in women were reviewed. HIV infection is now a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among young women in the United States, particularly women of racial and ethnic minorities. Most cases of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in women occur as a result of injection-drug use or heterosexual transmission. Based on limited information, women and men appear to have similar AIDS-defining conditions. Gynecological problems are common n HIV-infected women. Pregnancy does not seem to be affected by early HIV infection, but women with advanced disease might be at increased risk for obstetric complications. More women need to be included in natural history studies and clinical drug trials. Early awareness of HIV infe ction and better access to health care services are required to improve the treatment and survival of HIV-infected women. KEYWORDS: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Pregnancy, Zidovudine (AZT), Vaginal Candidasis, Transmission Methods of HIV/AIDS, Perinatal Transmission, Women and HIV INTRODUCTION: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) has been declared the public health threat of the century (1 cited in 2). The US Surgeon General has designated it as the nations number one health priority (2). AIDS is a disease that affects the immune system. The term immunodeficiency refers to the inability of the immune system to function properly, thus making the individual susceptible to a variety of infections not typically found in a healthy immune system (3). A syndrome is a group of symptoms or illnesses originating from one cause. The main agent causing AIDS is a retrovirus known as Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). HIV is the agent of a sexually transmitted disease that can also be contracted through blood transfusions or IV drug use; the disease can also be passed on to a fetus during pregnancy. When people are infected with HIV, they are not necessarily also infected with AIDS. A person is not infected with AIDS until HIV reduces immune function to a certain level or when one or more serious illnesses related to HIV occurs. (4) Everyone is at risk of contracting the HIV virus, although women with HIV/AIDS face more difficulties living with this disease than do men. HIV/AIDS women are of special interest because they are the major source of infection of infants. Not only do they have to think about the effects on their own lives, but also they must think about their infants if they choose to conceive. In my paper, I will review the ways in which HIV/AIDS affects women differently than men, through clinical issues and gynecological manifestations. I will also discuss the virus itself and issues concerning HIV positive women who are planning to conceive. WHAT IS AIDS? In early 1983, a team at the Pasteur Institute in Paris, France led by Dr. Luc Montagnier first announced the discovery of HIV (5). They originally named it LAV, or lymphadenopathy-associated virus. However, it was not until the American team, led by Dr. Robert Gallo, called the virus HTLV-3 or human T-cell lymphotrophic virus that both teams collaborated and simplified it to just HIV (5). HIV can cause a range of conditions, of which AIDS is the worst. For example, it can lead to persistent swelling of the lymph nodes (5). Other people may have more serious symptoms but still show no sign of AIDS. This condition is known as AIDS related-complex ( ARC) (5). Some of the symptoms of ARC include swollen glands, severe or chronic diarrhea, severe fatigue, rapid unexplained weight loss, drenching night sweats, fevers, and yeast infections, Although it can be serious, ARC is not fatal (5). The cause of AIDS is not fully understood. There are other factors are involved in the development of AIDS. Once a person tests positive to HIV, alcohol or drug use, poor nutrition, high stress levels, frequent exposure to other disease (especially sexually transmitted disease), have all been suggested to increase the risk of developing full blown AIDS (5). HIV

Glow in the Dark Duck Tape Triboluminescence

Glow in the Dark Duck Tape Triboluminescence You can use duck tape to see an example of triboluminescence, the glow given off when some materials are subjected to mechanical stress or friction. The duck tape (or duct tape) triboluminescence project is extremely easy and only take a few seconds to try. It doesnt matter whether you call the tape duck tape or duct tape, but your results seem to depend partially on the brand you use: Henkelâ„ ¢ works well. What You Do Tear off two strips of tape. Stick the pieces together with the sticky sides facing each other, leaving enough tape so that you can pull the strips apart. Turn out the lights. Give your eyes a minute or two to adjust to the dark. Pull the strips of tape apart. How It Works Did you see the blue line where the tape separated? This is triboluminescence, which is a type of luminescence triggered by mechanical energy or electrical energy from an action such as friction. You can get the same effect from other types of tape as well. A good one to try is transparent Scotchâ„ ¢ tape. If you have a hard time separating strips of tape with their sticky sides together, you can see the triboluminescent glow simply by pulling the tape (quickly) off of the roll, though the light will not be quite as bright.

Room management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Room management - Essay Example dustries mainly deals with perishable products, such as hotel rooms, meeting room in a hotel and banquet hall, and thereby, utilize the term revenue management to combine fixed capacity and inventory of the hotel. Revenue management strategy helps to discriminate between the customer who seeks for low cost and minimal service, with some other those are radically paying more attention on high quality service and convenience level. Kimberley et al. (2010) describes revenue management as a means to innovation. It helps hotel managers to create new product and service and also the associated pricing strategy. According to Talluri and Ryzin (2004), revenue management strategy accounts for 53-75 % of its total revenue, although in reality there are some hotels that have experienced much higher impact. In a hotel, the revenue management strategy helps to control and manage the overall revenue efficiently. It is very important especially for the big hotel chains, to reach their customer’s expectations and manage technological tools such as computer program and reservation system in an appropriate manner. Thus, hotel sector needs to make sure that rates charged by them are suitable for the market, seasonality and competitor set. Revenue management strategy is extremely advantageous to company as it allows an organization to provide personalized service to its customer irrespective of the capacity of the customers. Investment in this strategy helps to categorize the significant market segments and creates valuable market opportunities (Irene, 2005). Revenue management is not about setting and updating the price strategy, but updating the availability of price strategy during the booking period. Revenue management helps the hotel to customize their pricing strategies according to the individual needs of the customers. This helps the hotels to extract consumer surplus and transforms it into organizational surplus, which results in increasing the overall profit of the

Project Management in the Saudi Organizations Dissertation

Project Management in the Saudi Organizations - Dissertation Example 16 2.3 Projects and Operations 17 2.4 Strategic fit between organizational and project management 19 2.5 Project Management Knowledge Areas 24 2.6 Overlap between Project Management and other management disciplines 31 2.7 Organizational Influences in Project Management 33 2.8 Performance Measurement constructed 39 2.9 Types of Performance Measures 40 2.10 Attributes of performance measures 41 2.11 Organisational Metrics Categories 43 2.12 Synthesis and research gap 45 Chapter 3: Methodology 48 3.1 Chapter Overview 48 3.2 Aims and objectives of research 48 3.3 Nature of research 49 3.4 Research Philosophy 49 3.5 Research approaches 49 3.7 Data collection methods 51 3.7.1 Questionnaire 51 3.8 Setting of research 52 3.8.1 Unit of Analysis 52 3.9 Population and sample 52 3.9.1 Population 52 3.9.3 Sample Method 53 3.10 Research instrument 53 3.11 Data analysis 54 3.11.1 Methodology Limitations 55 3.11.2 Research Limitations 56 3.11.3 Ethical Considerations 56 3.11.4 Validity and Reliabili ty 56 3.12 Chapter summary 57 Chapter 4 – Data Presentation and Analysis 59 4.1 Chapter Overview 59 4.2 Respondents’ Profile 59 4.3 Importance of Project Management Knowledge Areas and Organizational Performance Measures 63 4.4 Impact of Organisational Performance Measures on Knowledge Areas of Project Management 66 4.5 Results of Paired Casewise T-Test analysis 69 4.6 Chapter Summary 72 The just-concluded chapter presents the data collected by survey questionnaire and spot interview pursuant to the research design and methodology discussed in the preceding chapter. Data on the respondents’ profile, the importance they ascribe the variables identified,... The evolution of organisational structure has been generally responsive to the changing demands of the business and economic environment, in order for firms to ensure survival during downturns and maintain competitiveness in anticipation of recovery. One recent trend that has been largely inspired by the implementation of total quality management in large-scale manufacturing organisations is the move towards more project-based operations and leaner, flatter organisational hierarchies.In relation to this development, management systems and practices have likewise felt the need to evolve together with the organisational structure; however, long-time policies and standards that are in place are not easily or quickly adjusted to suit the new structure. One such system is the body or organisational performance measures which are applied to organisational units to determine their level of performance and by which to assist decision-making, rewards implementation for excellent performance, and adjustments or sanctions for laggard performance. The introductory chapter sets the context of the research and identifies the problem it seeks to address. The background to the topic under study is provided to impart to the reader an understanding of the issue to be resolved. The research objectives and problem statement are thereafter stated to draw focus on the precise intentions of the research.

Macbeth Blind Ambition Essay Example for Free

Macbeth Blind Ambition Essay The tragedy, ‘Macbeth’, composed by William Shakespeare is a play of manipulation and blind ambition. This is clearly depicted through the character of Macbeth, a great man fallen from God’s grace. Initially, Macbeth’s is presented as a character with noble qualities, who earns himself the trust of King Duncan and admiration of his people. However, the meeting with the weird sisters takes a toll on his personality for the worse, as they ambiguously prophesise that Macbeth will become King of Scotland. Upon hearing this, Macbeth takes fate into his own hands and embarks on a journey of blind ambition. Ultimately, Macbeth’s character deteriorates and is destined to fall. Therefore, through the dramatic elements of the play, we anticipate the downfall of valiant Macbeth as a ramification of the fatal flaw of blind ambition. Blind ambition comes at the cost of our humanity. Macbeth aligns himself with the supernatural elements, which are associated with darkness and evil. Originally, Shakespeare introduces Macbeth as a great man, as depicted through the similes of Yes, as sparrows eagles, or the hare the lion and â€Å"Signs of nobleness, like stars, shall shine†¦Ã¢â‚¬  This reflects Macbeth’s bravery, as he is bequeathed the gift of stars by King Duncan. Quite soon, however; we witness how he morphs into a two-faced, conniving snake, as illustrated through this simile â€Å"Look like the innocent flower, But be the serpent under it. † The audience immediately recognises the disparity between the dark supernatural elements and the elements of goodness and light. We expect the power play will be evoked through the illusions and half-truths through the paradox of â€Å"Fair is foul, and foul is fair. † A strong illusion that Shakespeare evokes to dramatise the mental state of Macbeth is the dagger soliloquy, â€Å"Is this a dagger which I see before me. † Whilst we see him in inner conflict over his intention to assassinate King Duncan, we recognise that he will not deviate from the path of darkness as he calls on the stars as seen through the apostrophe â€Å"Stars, hide your fires, Let not light see my black and deep desires’. This establishes that Macbeth represents darkness and this contrasts to Duncan, as he is a symbolism of light. Through the apostrophe, â€Å"Come spirits, unsex me†, we perceive that Macbeth and Lady Macbeth align themselves to the supernatural world for power, and in return they are stripped off of their humanity. Shakespeare dramatises these events to challenge us to consider of ramifications of blind ambition. Taking destiny into one’s hands for self gain may lead to self annihilation, and unnatural chaos ensues. Once regicide is committed, Macbeth is overwhelmed by nausea, as he has â€Å"murdered sleep. He then realises the magnitude of his sins, as it is emphasised through this hyperbole â€Å"Will all Great Neptune’s ocean wash this blood clean from my hand? † This imagery is juxtaposed with the litotes of â€Å"A little water will clear us of this deed. † Therefore, pathos is established between Macbeth and Lady Macbeth, as they are anointe d by blood through the act of regicide, â€Å"My hands are of your colour†. Dramatic irony is established as we know that this couple can never be extricated from guilt. With little remorse, he embarks on a journey of self destruction and mass murder. There is no salvation for him, and this is clearly demonstrated through the metaphor â€Å"Stepped in so far, that, should I wade no more. † He repeats his mistakes as he continues the assassinations of the innocent, and his sins further escalate when he slain Macduff’s family. However, the further they continue on the path to darkness, the more plagued they are by the blood seeping from their hands, â€Å"Out, damned spot! † Macbeth also hallucinates and is haunted by Banquo’s ghost. This can be demonstrated through the imagery â€Å"Quit my sight! Let the earth hide thee† Unnatural chaos ensues as a result of King Duncan’s death and Macbeth’s unnatural deeds due to blind ambition. This is evoked through the disorderly image of and â€Å"Unnatural deeds do breed unnatural troubles. † Until another great being can overthrow tyrannical Macbeth, then the violation of nature’s order will not be restored. Shakespeare invites us to consider the law of ‘cause and effect’. Blind ambition overrides Macbeth’s rational mind and any sense of inherent moral sensibility. Lady Macbeth and Macbeth are left tormented as they cannot sustain inner peace and sleep, â€Å"Sleep no more! which leads them to the brink of insanity. Furthermore Macbeth acknowledges that Duncan is at peace in the liberation of death, and he dramatises the inner conflict and insecurity through the paradox â€Å"To be thus is nothing, but to be safely thus. † This foreshadows the downfall of Macbeth and soon he will be released from his torment. Blind ambition robs Macbeth’s foresight and without realising it, it puts a strain on his and his wife’s marriage. Macbeth and Lady Macbeth’s mental deterioration is emphasised through their severed relationship. As a result of blind ambition, Lady Macbeth resorts to suicide. She lives in fear, as she is constantly plagued from the murder. Therefore, death is her release. Shakespeare invites us to evaluate our behaviour and challenge us to take responsibility for our own actions. As a result of blind ambition, Macbeth is trapped in an illusion of perception versus reality. He consolidates his relationship with the supernatural elements. The witches present three apparitions, which include the â€Å"armed-head†, â€Å"bloody child† and the â€Å"boy with a crown and a tree from his hand. This directs Macbeth to the road of self-annihilation, and through the half-truths, dramatic irony is established and this serves to heighten tension, as the audience expects the downfall of Macbeth. Macbeth is struggling to find the purpose to live, as exemplified through litotes of â€Å"Out, brief candle†. He compares his life to a â€Å"brief candle† that is easily blown out by the wind and it connotes that human life is uncertain. â€Å"Tomorrow, and tomorrow, and tomorrow,† Macbeth laments on the loss of his future, as he comes to term of his inevitable demise. Therefore, Macbeth is associated with pathos, and as an audience, we do pity his pathetic being. In the climax of the play, Macbeth is confronted by noble Macduff and it is revealed that the witches’ ambiguous prophecies were half-truths and Macbeth was so wrapped up in his own illusion that he could not see through it. As a result, it led to his downfall. The catharsis is established when Macduff defeats Macbeth and claims justice to Scotland. Shakespeare writes to raise awareness that some things are not what they appear to be. By the end of the play, we witness the downfall of Macbeth as a result of blind ambition. Blind ambition robs Macbeth of his humanity and foresight, and because of this, Macbeth’s character has deteriorated, as his deterioration is manifested through acts of massacres. In the end, Macbeth does not fully redeem himself, although he does hold regret for the heinous deeds he has committed, and therefore, he dies an undignified death. Hence, Shakespeare invites us consider the natural cycle of ‘cause and effect’ and how acts of blind ambition can lead to deadly consequences.

Rumors Essay -- essays research papers

Rumor   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Rumors can be passed easily and are spread on an everyday basis. A rumor is like gossip; some of it true or untrue, and it is passed around by word of mouth. Most rumors start off being true, then when it is being passed from one person to the other, it starts becoming untrue because some people forget details, add new information in, or just change the whole story around. In the rumor experiment conducted in class, a story was told to one person out of four. The first person had to repeat the same story to the next person who of course was waiting outside of the classroom, until it got to the fourth person. The story that the fourth person ended up with was extremely dissimilar from what was initially told to the first person. This is a prime example of how rumors change while they are being said from one person to the other.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There were two rumors in the experiment conducted for the rumor assignment. Both rumors were very different in context but both proved the same thing in the end. Rumor number one was first told to the first individual who was standing outside of the classroom with three other students. Person one listened as the professor said the rumor, and then they had to remember it, and tell the next person (person two) outside the classroom this rumor. The central theme of rumor one was there were two men on the subway who started arguing while many people watched near by.   Ã‚  Ã‚   ...

Techniques Used In Estimating The Age Architecture Essay

Forensic anthropologists are experienced in the designation of human remains. One of the first inquiries to be asked upon the find of skeletal remains is are they of a human or animate being? Once the beginning of the castanetss has been established it so has to be determined as to whether the remains are of forensic or archeological birthplace. The customary clip he lapsed since decease should be less than 70 old ages if it is to be classed as a forensic instance. This is due to the fact that if the remains are discovered after 70 old ages it will be harder to convey an person to justness or a dependable informant being found. ( Scheuer 2002 ) The usage of Osteological stuff in a forensic instance is peculiarly utile during the designation procedure of disconnected or disarticulated remains. Age is merely one of the four chief biological properties used in the designation of skeletal remains. ( Zioupos et al 2004 ) . All must be considered independently ab initio before uniting or properties in order of obtaining possible designation. The four chief properties of biological individuality that most forensic anthropologists paper to find are age, sex, stature and cultural background. The truth of these depend chiefly on which a peculiar elements of the organic structure are present and besides the province of saving of the remains. The truth of designation besides varies harmonizing to whether the person is an grownup or a juvenile. The appraisal of age at decease of grownup skeletal remains is one of the more hard undertakings undertaken by physical anthropologists. ( Buckberry and Chamberlain 2002 )Determining age at deceaseAge related alterations in the skeleton may reflect three different stages of the lifetime ; growing and development, stableness and aging. The first stage is represented by kids and immature grownups, who undergo alterations that proceed at a moderately predictable rate in a good documented form. Once growing has ceased at alterations in grownup forms even within a individual skeletons vary greatly and are more single and population particular. They are besides affected by factors such as wellness position business and nutrition. In add-on most of the methods used in grownup aging rely on methods developed from big archeological samples of all known sex and age. Aging in grownups can be carried out utilizing dentitions, sutura closing and the otic surface of the Ilium. Morphological alterations of the otic surfaces of the illium provide first-class age indexs for grownup remains. This surface undergoes regular progressive alterations from age 18 onwards. Using the criterion aging stage set out by Todd ( 1920 ) it is possible to determine an age scope of +- 10 old ages. Using the suturas of the skull it is besides possible to gauge age in grownups. This is done utilizing a marking system set out by Meindl and Lovejoy ( 1985 ) . These suturas fuse together at different times during life. Another method is utilizing the wear on dentitions ; chiefly it is easier to utilize the grinders. This is because one time the lasting dentitions have erupted they start to have on. These wear forms are caused when masticating and diet. Besides wear can be contributed to by crunching dentitions. These criterions are set out by Lovejoy ( 1985 ) besides give a scope of +- 10 old ages. There is besides another method for aging utilizing dentitions which is utilizing root transparence set out by Lamendin et Al ( 1992 ) . Yet once more because of the atomization of the castanetss it is non ever possible to age them. Aging juveniles is a little easier as juvenile castanetss fuse together at the epiphysis at different phases in growing and development. Besides in juveniles it is possible to age so utilizing the eruption of dentitions.The Auricular surface of the TroyBuckberry and Chamberlain ( 2002 ) based their methods of aging utilizing the Auricular surface of the Ilium on a method that was foremost set out by Lovejoy Et Al ( 1985 ) . This method was used to enter age related phases for different characteristics of the Auricular surface. Which are so combined to supply a composite mark from which an appraisal of age at decease is obtained. Lovejoy described eight modal age phases into which the Auricular surface could be placed utilizing these primary ripening characteristics. However the separate characteristics of the Auricular surface described by Lovejoy Et Al ( 1985 ) such as porousness, surface texture, and fringy alterations appear to develop independently of each other. The age of oncoming for each phase of the different characteristics of the Auricular surface appear to change, and as a effect the five twelvemonth age classs of Lovejoy Et Al ( 1985 ) tend to overlap. Early appearance characteristics still present on the Auricular surface of older persons were described by Lovejoy Et Al ( 1985 ) as â€Å" residuary † . The fact that this fluctuation that can happen within a individual regular surface indicates that this method oversimplifies the alterations seen, and that the five twelvemonth interval in assorted strategies of age appraisal may be optimistically to contract. This job and contributes to the trouble found when using this method as it leads to uncertainness and in some instances confusion in delegating single Auricular surfaces two a peculiar age phase. In position of these jobs Buckberry and Chamberlain ( 2002 ) revised the method set out by Lovejoy Et Al ( 1985 ) . Each characteristic of the Auricular surface was examined separately. This system will do it easier to use and suit the convergence are frequently seen between different phases. It utilised all the alterations seen in the Otic surface as used by Lovejoy Et Al ( 1985 ) . The method used by Buckberry and Chamberlain ( 2002 ) instead than being grouped together with all the characteristics into five twelvemonth modal age phases. The revised Auricular surface method of age appraisal allows for a more realistic reading of the alterations. Although the age estimations produced by this method are wider, this method is easier to use and may be more dependable than that of Lovejoy Et Al ( 1985 ) .The pubic symphysisThe pubic symphyses have importance in the field of forensic anthropology, as they can be used to gauge the age of grownup skeletons. Throughout life, the surfaces of the pubic symphysis are worn at a more or less predictable rate. By analyzing the wear of the pubic symphysis, it is possible to gauge the age of the individual at decease. Up to the age of 40 old ages the morphology of the ventral Demiface of the pubic symphysis undergoes a drawn-out period of age related alteration, and can hence be used in age appraisal utilizing component stage analysis ( Suchey 1979 ; Brooks and Suchey 1990 ) . The morphological characteristics on the symphyseal surface used in finding age of an person are ridges and furrows, dorsal border, ventral bevelling, lower appendage, ossific nodule, ventral bulwark, dorsal tableland and symphyseal rim ( Sinha and Gupta 1995 )JuvenilesEstimating the age in juveniles is a comparatively hard thing to make. Juvenile age is reliant on the epiphysial merger of the articulations ; the finding of the figure of erupted dentitions might lend to the appraisal of age at decease every bit good as to the designation process of unknown skeletons. During the development and growing the skeleton undergoes a sequence of alterations get downing with the formation and eruption of deciduous dentitions and their replacing with lasting teething this procedure is normally completed excepting the 3rd grinders by about the age of 12. Although the timing of this can change a small depending on sex, race, and wellness factors. Age at decease in juveniles can normally be estimated to within 1year if the appropriate criterions are used. Several methods of dental age appraisal in non-adults have been used: the Atlass method of Schour and Massler ( 1940 ) , the diagram of Gustafson and Koch ( 1974 ) . For the intent of this work the specific set by Ubelaker ( 1989 ) will be used. A new method for aging juveniles utilizing tooth eruption is a comprehensive grounds based Atlass which can be used to gauge age utilizing both tooth development and alveolar eruption for persons between 28 hebdomadsin utero up to 23 old ages ; the chief difference between this method and the method set out by Ubelaker ( 1989 ) is that it shows developmental ages without spreads or convergences AlQahtani et Al ( 2009 ) .BibliographyDemirjian A, Goldstein H. Tanner JM. ( 1973 ) A new system of dental age appraisal. Hum. Biol. 45 211-227 Lamendin H, Baccino E, Humbert JF, Tavernier JC, Nossintchouk RM, Zerilli A ( 1992 ) . A simple technique for age appraisal in grownup cadavers: The two standards dental method. Journal of forensic scientific disciplines 37:1973-1379 AlQahtani S J, H M Liversidge, M P Hector ( 2009 ) . Atlas of human toothdevelopment and eruption. American Journal of Physical Anthropology. ( In print ) . Sinha A, Gupta V. ( 1995 ) A survey on appraisal of age from pubic symphysis. Forensic Science International. 75:73-78 Buckberry J, Chamberlain A. ( 2002 ) . Age appraisal from the otic surface of the illium: A revised method. American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 119:231-239 Todd TW. ( 1920 ) . Age alterations in the pubic bone I. The male white pubic bone. American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 3:285-334 Lovejoy C, Meindl R, Pryzbeck T, Mensforth R. ( 1985 ) . Chronological metabolism of the otic surface of the illium: a new method for the finding of grownup skeletal age at decease. American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 68:15-28 Scheuer L. ( 2002 ) . Application of Osteology to forensic medical specialty. Clinical Anatomy. 15:297-312

The Humble Beginings of Bill Cosby

Bill Cosby came from a poor neighborhood as a child. He grew up with a lot of humor. He did not know that he would make a career of it as a child. As he later grew up he tried stand up comedy and succeeded. in the 1960†³s â€Å"I Spy† came out and broke the racial barrier by featuring Cosby, the first ever black man to lead a weekly dramatic series. So he started a television show called â€Å"The Bill Cosby Show.† The Show brought NBC from last place in the ratings to first. His show was a great success. His goals included succeeding in life as a comedian. He did that and did it very well. His success in entertainment was complemented by his involvement with a host of charity organizations and making generous gifts in support of education. While Cosby was younger he saw little of his father. His mom on the other hand was very supportive. His mom was a major influence and his first audience member. It didn†t take long for him to start gigs on her and practicing routines on her. She always encouraged his inventive performances of everyday household happenings. A couple of his friends that he knew from elementary school including: Fat Albert, Old Weird Harold, Dumb Donald, and Weasel was an influence on him and later immortalized in his comedy routines. Family and Friends helped Bill Cosby get a great start in his entertainment career. As a child Cosby loved to joke around all the time with his friends after school while playing in the playground. They loved playing gags on each other in their free time. Bill Cosby was always loved by neighbors and friends of family. He would always be in a good mood no matter what the situation. When Bill walked in a room he always brought humor with him and made people laugh. This is pretty much how he figured he could be a comedian when he grew up. He had to leave the tenth grade to join the Navy, but he finished school by means of a correspondence course while in the service. Later when he was discharged he enrolled at Temple University in Philadelphia, hoping to become a physical education teacher. To support himself he started to perform at a nightclub that really enjoyed his performances. His talent started to spread north to New York, so he left school to perform in Greenwich Village clubs, and within a year he landed a spot on â€Å"The Tonight Show†. In 1963 Cosby revolutionized American comedy. At the peak of the civil rights movement, Cosby was unique among black comedians of the time in not using race as a subject. He was also very popular in the publishing world. His book Fatherhood became the fastest-selling hardcover book of all the time which is still in more than half of its fifty-four weeks on The New York Times Best Seller List as number one. The book sold over 2.6 million hardcover copies and 1.5 million paperbacks. He has earned eight Gold Records and five Grammy Awards on his 21 albums that he had on the national pop charts. He broke Radio City Music Hall†s fifty-three year old attendance record for his concert appearances. Ever since Cosby was little he knew he wanted to do comedy. All the other things that came about was just add ins that helped him out even more. More people should learn about Bill Cosby because they should see how he succeeded in life. For someone with not so much education he did very great in life. Comedy to some people might not be a very successful job but Cosby enjoyed entertaining people very much so he did what he enjoyed doing best. The Humble Beginings of Bill Cosby Bill Cosby came from a poor neighborhood as a child. He grew up with a lot of humor. He did not know that he would make a career of it as a child. As he later grew up he tried stand up comedy and succeeded. in the 1960†³s â€Å"I Spy† came out and broke the racial barrier by featuring Cosby, the first ever black man to lead a weekly dramatic series. So he started a television show called â€Å"The Bill Cosby Show.† The Show brought NBC from last place in the ratings to first. His show was a great success. His goals included succeeding in life as a comedian. He did that and did it very well. His success in entertainment was complemented by his involvement with a host of charity organizations and making generous gifts in support of education. While Cosby was younger he saw little of his father. His mom on the other hand was very supportive. His mom was a major influence and his first audience member. It didn†t take long for him to start gigs on her and practicing routines on her. She always encouraged his inventive performances of everyday household happenings. A couple of his friends that he knew from elementary school including: Fat Albert, Old Weird Harold, Dumb Donald, and Weasel was an influence on him and later immortalized in his comedy routines. Family and Friends helped Bill Cosby get a great start in his entertainment career. As a child Cosby loved to joke around all the time with his friends after school while playing in the playground. They loved playing gags on each other in their free time. Bill Cosby was always loved by neighbors and friends of family. He would always be in a good mood no matter what the situation. When Bill walked in a room he always brought humor with him and made people laugh. This is pretty much how he figured he could be a comedian when he grew up. He had to leave the tenth grade to join the Navy, but he finished school by means of a correspondence course while in the service. Later when he was discharged he enrolled at Temple University in Philadelphia, hoping to become a physical education teacher. To support himself he started to perform at a nightclub that really enjoyed his performances. His talent started to spread north to New York, so he left school to perform in Greenwich Village clubs, and within a year he landed a spot on â€Å"The Tonight Show†. In 1963 Cosby revolutionized American comedy. At the peak of the civil rights movement, Cosby was unique among black comedians of the time in not using race as a subject. He was also very popular in the publishing world. His book Fatherhood became the fastest-selling hardcover book of all the time which is still in more than half of its fifty-four weeks on The New York Times Best Seller List as number one. The book sold over 2.6 million hardcover copies and 1.5 million paperbacks. He has earned eight Gold Records and five Grammy Awards on his 21 albums that he had on the national pop charts. He broke Radio City Music Hall†s fifty-three year old attendance record for his concert appearances. Ever since Cosby was little he knew he wanted to do comedy. All the other things that came about was just add ins that helped him out even more. More people should learn about Bill Cosby because they should see how he succeeded in life. For someone with not so much education he did very great in life. Comedy to some people might not be a very successful job but Cosby enjoyed entertaining people very much so he did what he enjoyed doing best.

Free Essays on American Adam

Thoreau’s position on the West was a dichotomous one in comparison to Emerson’s. While he was in agreement with Emerson about the power and the pull of nature and the innate human need to be a part of it, he condemned the idea of conquering and taming the wilderness. In his most popular work, Walden, Thoreau was building upon the transcendentalist view that the mind is the true frontier. Starting in 1845, he moved onto Emerson’s land at Walden Pond and for â€Å"two years, two months, and two days† he lived a simple and self-sustained life (Woodlief) While there he kept detailed journals which were published as, Walden, in 1854. In Walden, he gives the reason for his stay in the woods, â€Å"I went to the woods because I wished to live deliberately, to front only the essential facts of life, and to see if I could not learn what it had to teach, and not, when I came to die, discover that I had not lived† (Thoreau 1692). Such reasoning is evidenc e that he too was calling into question the societal values of his day while searching for true meaning in a sort of pioneer experience. While at Walden Pond he realized, or rather criticized his society, â€Å"The nation itself with all its so called internal improvements, which, by the way, are all external and superficial, is just such an unwieldy and overgrown establishment, cluttered with furniture and tripped up with its own traps ruined by luxury and heedless expense . . . and the only cure for it as for them is in a rigid economy, a stern and more than Spartan simplicity of life and elevation of purpose† (Thoreau 1692-93). In effect it seems as if the idea of pioneering and simplicity in the natural world had become his â€Å"safety valve† in the face of â€Å"progress† and growth of the government and nation. Of course, it must be said again that the major idea of the frontier was in the cultivation of simplicity of the transcendental mind,... Free Essays on American Adam Free Essays on American Adam Thoreau’s position on the West was a dichotomous one in comparison to Emerson’s. While he was in agreement with Emerson about the power and the pull of nature and the innate human need to be a part of it, he condemned the idea of conquering and taming the wilderness. In his most popular work, Walden, Thoreau was building upon the transcendentalist view that the mind is the true frontier. Starting in 1845, he moved onto Emerson’s land at Walden Pond and for â€Å"two years, two months, and two days† he lived a simple and self-sustained life (Woodlief) While there he kept detailed journals which were published as, Walden, in 1854. In Walden, he gives the reason for his stay in the woods, â€Å"I went to the woods because I wished to live deliberately, to front only the essential facts of life, and to see if I could not learn what it had to teach, and not, when I came to die, discover that I had not lived† (Thoreau 1692). Such reasoning is evidenc e that he too was calling into question the societal values of his day while searching for true meaning in a sort of pioneer experience. While at Walden Pond he realized, or rather criticized his society, â€Å"The nation itself with all its so called internal improvements, which, by the way, are all external and superficial, is just such an unwieldy and overgrown establishment, cluttered with furniture and tripped up with its own traps ruined by luxury and heedless expense . . . and the only cure for it as for them is in a rigid economy, a stern and more than Spartan simplicity of life and elevation of purpose† (Thoreau 1692-93). In effect it seems as if the idea of pioneering and simplicity in the natural world had become his â€Å"safety valve† in the face of â€Å"progress† and growth of the government and nation. Of course, it must be said again that the major idea of the frontier was in the cultivation of simplicity of the transcendental mind,...

An Over View Of The DHL Company

An Over View Of The DHL Company DHL has been able to create a strong image with the public through an extensive presence on the roads and a bold and bright brand. This has meant that this image has been maintained with minimal advertising, as DHL are advertising themselves and new services when the public see their fleet of vehicles on the road. Together with clever sponsorship of events such as Formula 1, this has resulted in the general public perception of DHL being a brand that is strong and reliable – two vital attributes in the logistics industry. However, there are still some areas for DHL to improve its communication strategy. By perhaps communicating employees an idea of the success of the service centre they work in, they could have a greater sense of belonging to DHL. Also, there could perhaps be more scope for DHL staff to communicate to higher levels of management if there is a need to, rather than going through various levels of the hierarchy. The revamping of the company magazine has been one way that DHL has combated this, by bringing the ideas of those at the very top of the hierarchy with those at the bottom. However, by doing this in a more work-related manner, communication may be improved. DHL Express DHL is a courier service that is currently active in more than 220 countries around the world and employs some 300,000 employees. Therefore good and clear communication throughout the organisation is vital. DHL’s success can only be achieved if a consistent message is delivered throughout the whole company. By aligning the message given internally to the message it conveys to its different external stakeholders, DHL has built a brand that is solid, respectable, and consistent. This is all the more impressive given that DHL has been taken over by another organisation-Deutsche Post – in the past 10 ten years. DHL’s mission statement has four main themes which contribute towards reaching the ‘DHL Vision’. This vision is that the company is trusted by customers as â€Å"the preferred global express and logistics partner, leading the industry in terms of quality, profitability and market share†. The four main parts of the mission statement cover issues such as product quality, quality of staff, returns of the business (again the three relate to different stakeholders), and finally DHL’s role as a responsible corporate citizen. Argenti (2003) argues that â€Å"firms need to consider their corporate communication effort as manifested in the company’s vision and mission statement†. Therefore, it is likely that these goals are at the centre of how DHL organises its communications effort. For example, DHL points towards its multi-cultural heritage and the ability of the company to find solutions at all levels of the business process. These are undeniably important assets to the company but are only useful if they can be incorporated into an effective communication model. Internal Communication Given the nature of the logistics industry, there is a need for a precise route for messages to be delivered on time. It comes as no surprise to see DHL’s UK hierarchy is one that is well-balanced and clear. Ken McCall, the MD of DHL Express UK sits atop the hierarchy. Next there is the board of nine Directors, who are reported to directly by the operations field director. He gains his information from the head of each of the 39 service centres in the UK. Within the service centre, the hierarchy has five levels, but cross-communication is much easier, especially amongst the bottom three levels. There is a head of the service centre, who manages a supervisor. Then there are the office staff and the sales team. There are then senior couriers before the lowest level made up of couriers and warehouse staff.

Strategic Management for Smirnoff Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Strategic Management for Smirnoff - Assignment Example Smirnoff is a brand of Vodka used in UK and is own and operated by British Company Diageo however, it has its roots in Moscow Russia. Smirnoff is now distributed in well over 130 countries with a network which is expanding and catering to the needs of different customers all over the world. Being an alcoholic drink, the overall external environment for this brand is relatively challenging considering the fact that many countries have banner alcoholic drinking. Issues like the underage selling, drunk driving and other strategic issues are considered as of significant importance. This is because these issues can actually affect the overall demand of the product. This report will look into the target market, value given by the company to its target market, a closer analysis of the internal as well as external environment including analysis of the industry as well as competition. This report will also look into the SWOT analysis of the firm to unearth strategic issues faced by the firm a nd what strategic options could be exercised to correct the situation. Company Background Smirnoff is a brand name managed by a British Company with the name of Diageo. It is however, important to note that Smirnoff as a brand has its historical roots in Russia when during 19th Century, Smirnoff as a vodka brand was started by Pytor Aresenievich Smrinoff. (Diageo Inc) Over the period of time, brand gained recognition and is now considered as the leading vodka brand in the world. What is also important to understand that Smirnoff was the only vodka available outside the communist countries after the Second World War? This therefore has given an edge to the brand to dominate the European and North American market and become the leading selling brand in the world. The company owning and operating this brand is also selling other brands which are also maintained as the strategic brands. These strategic brands therefore serve as the primary source of growth for the firm across all the ma rkets it operates. Some of the leading brands of Diageo include Johnnie Walker, Crown Royal, J&B etc. Smirnoff is also one of the strategic brands for the firm generating the required growth for the firm in the Spirit market.1 It is important to note that Smirnoff exists as a separate strategic business unit for the firm and it is sold through different channels. Delivery of the product through online market of the firm is also one of the ways firm manages sales for this brand. Target Market of the Company Diageo is considered as the premium drink company offering high worth brands to the individuals all over the world. As such the geographical distribution of the company’s target market is across the whole world with concentration in the European and North American market. It is critical to note that the drink market continuously evolve due to the market innovation and changing preferences of the customers. (ASIMOV, 2005). Though Diageo is a well diversified company with man y brands serving different niches in the drink market, however, Smirnoff caters to a different niche of the market. Though Vodka is famous for its uniqueness as a drink however, firm has been able to introduce new flavored drinks in order to cater to the needs of varying degree. The essential market for the drink comprises of those individual customers looking for ready to drink market with variety offered according to the Season of the year. This is because of

The Impact of the Aging Population on Public Health Care Research Paper

The Impact of the Aging Population on Public Health Care - Research Paper Example Immediately afterward the population of old people with sickness will grow rapidly. The outcome could be a massive allotment of resources to the elderly (Callahan 4). An effective solution to the current issue in the medical system should recognize these changes demography, and it should consider not just individual’s wellbeing but also the stability of the society and the well-being of the public. This research paper discusses the impact of an aging population on all aspects of the medical system, and the potential solutions to this health care issue. The impact of the aging population is more striking in the mental health care sector. The percentage of older people across the globe is continuously rising. For the elderly, mental health problems are a major reason for early mortality and morbidity. Severe depression and dementia are the two most common mental health disorders among the elderly. Specific medical needs of the older people should be recognized and provided by the medical system. Long-term care has been a serious issue brought about by the rapid aging of the population. The most evident impacts of an aging population are to be found in highly developed countries and developing nations like Latin America and China (Rao & Shaji 1). Because of the unparalleled rate of population aging, these countries would have difficulties creating health care and social policies on time to address the medical requirements of the older people. The poor priority given to the medical needs of the aged seems to contribute to the public’s insufficient knowledge about older people’s mental health disorders. Dementia and other neuropsychological problems of the elderly are still unknown issues seldom prioritized by policymakers and medical practitioners. General health services are still centralized or hospital-based and normally require long queues in jam-packed hospitals.

Stategic Managment - Board Report on MarketPlace Progress Essay

Stategic Managment - Board Report on MarketPlace Progress - Essay Example Even though the overall performance may not look substantial in the first quarter, market saturation has been acknowledged as one of the factors that led to the projection of these results. According to the financial reports of the first quarter, there has been a weak financial return, a clear indication that the company has long-term focus attributed by stock turnouts (Grünig and Kühn 2011). After the three years in this industry, Tech Nova Company has been considered as the third best in travelers demand with a total return of 448 points after universal and Pineapple computers. However, the marginal difference was quite narrow and can be easily attained. Moreover, the organisation forms the third best overall in market share. While striving to achieve its best competitive edge, the organisation has also put in place mechanisms to catch up with the second best firm before putting more emphasis of competing with the leading company (Dobson 2004). Tech Nova’s market segments are characterized by more emphasis on both workforce and the travelers. However, latest reviews have pointed it out that much more can be generated from the workforce as compared to travelers. In addition, achieving substantial results from both is even easier through adjustments of the previous results. The organisational long-term intention is to venture in to the market for Mercedes because, this is one of the leading firms whose monopoly within the first quarter is an indication of good potential for the market (Betz 2001). From the preliminary results of the first quarter, Tech Nova has been competing only within three markets, but due to the organisational potentials, other markets have been identified. The company can make expansion regionally to areas such as Tokyo and Toronto since only PineApple has been dominant in these areas. The main organisational objective is to expand its market

Women in Early Twentieth Century Womens Literature

Women in Early Twentieth Century Womens Literature The Relationship between Women in Early Twentieth Century Womens Literature In twenty first century pop culture, relationships between women are portrayed as being tightly knit and balanced as displayed by characters from the book The Friday Night Knitting Club or the television show Sex and the City. While women in twenty first century media very often have a female antagonist, there are the female friends to whom she can turn to when in need of support. However, when comparing early twenty first century media to early twentieth century equivalents, there is a marked difference in the interaction between women. Literature written in the early twentieth century by women takes a significantly different look at relationships between women. When comparing and contrasting the relationships between women in Herland by Charlotte Perkins Gilman and The Awakening by Kate Chopin as well as Sylvia Plaths The Bell Jar there lies the subtle indication that only in a utopian world can a healthy, non-antagonistic relationship between women exist. The very basic relationships or the ones that are initially formed are within the family unit, between parent and child. The women of Herland are essentially one large family unit, one in which motherhood is the primary goal to be achieved, and the relationship between mother and child, no matter the biological connection, is a healthy one. The mothers of Herland are entirely available for their children at every waking moment ready and willing to provide comfort, guidance, understanding, and a helping hand. In contrast, however, Esther Greenwoods relationship with her own mother in The Bell Jar hardly strikes the same chords as the women of Herland. During Esthers hospitalization instead of offering comfort and understanding Mrs. Greenwood assails her daughter with guilt, mentioning that Esther had used up almost all her money and that she should be appreciative of Mrs. Guineas financial aid otherwise she would be in a big state hospital (Plath 185). I hate her (Plath 203) Esther te lls her therapist Doctor Nolan when talking about Mrs. Greenwood and serves to be the culminating statement of their relationship. Whether or not the assertion of hate made by Esther is indeed sincere or stems from her mental state is unclear, however, by merely making such a profound statement and in the context in which it is made displays the troubled relationship between mother and daughter. While it is easy to draw conclusions from Herland and The Bell Jar in regard to the relationship between mother and daughter, in The Awakening it is slightly more difficult given the fact that there is little to draw upon in reference. The Awakenings protagonist, Edna Pontellier, lost her mother at a very early age and very little is mentioned in regard to any influence her mother may have had in her life. However, still within the familial relationship, Edna briefly mentions a sister, Janet, and it can be assumed based on Ednas refusal to attend her sisters wedding in chapter twenty three t hat the two are not close. The very basic unit of female companionship in The Bell Jar and The Awakening create a polar opposite to what is witnessed in Herland in the familial sense. The distinctions between female relationships become further removed between the societies of The Awakening and The Bell Jar from Herland as friendships are explored. In the all female nation of Herland, the women work and live together not only as one large extended family but also as friends, a relationship best reflected by the characters Ellador, Celis, and Alima. These three young women mark the quintessential twenty-first century friendship. While the audience does not witness the friendship between them directly, it is safe to assume that Ellador, Celis, and Alima find one another companionable enough to spend the amount of time they do around each other. Further evidence suggests that they trust one another enough to confide the darkest truths to each other as the narrator Van suggests when he notes that he got a pretty clear account of [Alimas rape by Terry] from Ellador (Gilman 132). In contrast, Edna in The Awakening confides a good part of her troubles to Madame Ratignoll e, she does not reveal so much (Chopin 25) of it as to completely expose herself. On a very superficial level, Edna and Madam Ratignolle might, by Victorian standards, be considered friends; however, the reader senses more antagonism and completion between them. Edna shows element of scorn toward Madam Ratignolle as she describes her as the mother-woman in chapter four sewing a babys garment designed for winter wear, when treacherous drafts came down chimneys and insidious currents of deadly cold found their way through key-holes (Chopin 11). The Bell Jars Esther Greenwood also shares the same type of superficial friendship with Doreen as Edna does with Madam Ratignolle. While Esther and Doreen spend time with one another, there lacks the intimate quality on which real, solid friendships, like Celis, Ellador, and Alima share, are built. It is further shown that Esther cares no more deeply for Doreen than she would any stranger she would meet with on the streets of New York City, whe n Esther decides to dump [a drunk Doreen] on the carpet and shut and lock [her] door and go back to bed (Plath 22). Ironically, all three novels feature environments in which the primary inhabitants are female, and yet still only Herland is capable of sustaining an ideal coexistence.

Absence Measurement and Management Essays -- null

This essay answers the following questions. 1) Why and how should absence be proactively managed without damaging the psychological contract? 2) What advice would you give to the Directors to measure absence levels and causes? 3) What procedures would you recommend should be established to manage absence? You must justify your recommendations. 4) How should the devolution of People Management responsibilities to first line managers be handled? 1) Why and how should absence be proactively managed without damaging the psychological contract? The psychological contract is an informal, unwritten contract between employer and employee. It includes their mutual agreement towards obligations to one and other. It will entail certain expectations which should be attempted to be upheld. This contract is based on trust and respect, and employees with effective managers should have a strong understanding of what their psychological contract entails, as well as their formal written contract which can be upheld legally. All employees at Insure it Wright, should understand both of these contracts and it is important when attempting to manage an issue, such as absence, that the psychological contract is not affected. The directors have identified absences as an issue, which is having a negative impact on the organisation as a whole and the service it is providing. This should be dealt with as swiftly as possibly in a manner which will not affect the psychological or written contract. They are having issues with several types on absence, particularly short term and unauthorised absence. Absence must be so rigidly monitored because, a large amount of absence will have a negative impact on the company financially. Particul... ...: http://www.cipd.co.uk/hr-resources/factsheets/absence-measurement-management.aspx. Last accessed 20th of April 2014. †¢ CIPD staff. (2012). The Role of line managers in HR. Available: http://www.cipd.co.uk/hr-resources/factsheets/role-line-managers-hr.aspx. Last accessed 24th April 2014. †¢ 1.BLACK, C. and FROST, D. (2011) Health at work: an independent review of sickness absence. Cm 8205. London: Department for Work and Pensions. Available: http://www.dwp.gov.uk/docs/health-at-work.pdf. Last accessed 28th April 2014. †¢ Taylor, Baldry, Bain & Ellis. (2003). A Unique Working Environment': Health, Sickness and †¢ eAbsence Management in UK Call Centres. Work, Employment & Society . 17 (3), 435-458 †¢ James P, Cunningham I & Dibben P. (2002). Absence management and the issues of job retention and return to work. Human Resources and Management Journal. 12 (2), 82-94.

HCS 483 Final project: health care robots Essay

Types and Uses of Health Care Robots Health Care Information Systems HCS 483 September 08, 2013 Types and Uses of Health Care Robots Health care robots are exciting advancements in health care delivery by providers. The future of robots in health is promising and the different types of robots are growing. Using robots helps the providers give better care to their patients and using robots behind the scenes for more accurate delivery of care as well. Surgical robots The da Vinci is currently the most known surgical robot. It is the only surgical robot available for commercial use. The da Vinci robot is in use for gynecological, prostate, and cardiac surgeries. The da Vinci allows the surgeon to work from a computerized workstation across the room from where the patient is prepped on the operating table. The surgeon maneuvers the robotic arms to perform the surgeries. Using the da Vinci eliminates the natural hand tremor that surgeons have through the software in the computer system created specifically for that function. â€Å"’Penelope’ has been developed at Columbia University by general surgeon Dr. Michael Treat with funding from the US Army’s Telemedicine and Technology Research Center, in Fort Detrick, MD† (Schimpff, 2013, p. 1). Penelope is not currently in use but is a promising robot on the health care horizon. Dr. Michael Treat created Penelope to replace the current surgical assistant that hands the surgeon instruments during surgery. Penelope is equipped with electromagnetic grippers that allows for picking up the instruments the surgeon needs. Penelope arranges the instruments for the procedure, recognizes voice commands, and verbally can respond back to the surgeon. Pharmacy robots Pharmacy robots currently are in use for dispensing medications. The uses  are beneficial to the entire hospital staff by reducing medication errors, orders are entered in by the physicians using computerized physician order entry (CPOE), and charging the cost of the medication to the patients account. The ROBOT-RX is currently in use in 34 states around the country. â€Å"The ROBOT-Rx ® automated medication dispensing system prevents medication errors, reduces pharmacy labor, and lowers drug inventory. The hospital pharmacy robot automates medication storage, selection, return, restock, and crediting functions for 90 percent or more of a hospital’s daily medication volume† (â€Å"ROBOT-RX,† 2013, p. 1). Telemedicine robots Remote Presence Virtual + Independent Telemedicine Assistant (RP-VITA) is used to assist physicians who are not on-site when a critical patient is admitted to the hospital. The robot is used to connect the off-site physician to the bedside of the patient to assess the patient and give orders to the staff for tests and medications needed for immediate care. Especially useful in the immediate care of stroke patients in the emergency department when time is crucial for the delivery of medicines. If the physician is off-site or across the hospital helping other patients, the RP-VITA allows for faster face-to-face response between the physician and the patient. References Improves patient safety and process efficiency with robotic medication dispensing. (2013). Retrieved from http://www.mckesson.com/pharmacies/hospital-and-health-system/inpatient/pharmacy-automation/robot-rx/ Schimpff, S. C. (2013). Robotics can revolutionize the delivery of medical care. Retrieved from http://www.kevinmd.com/blog/2012/01/robotics-revolutionize-delivery-medical-care.html